高一英语Module 2 Unit 6语法 定语从句讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词即先行词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等 关系副词有：when, where, why等 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还能够同of which互换即：whose+n=the +n+of which或of which +the +n）。
例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了which / that在句中作宾语） 关系代词that 和which的区别that 和which在一般情况都能够用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语但在下列情况下须区别对待：1） 只能用Which的情况 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。
例如： （错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b） 介词后不能用例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a） 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which b） 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which c） 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that e） 先行词既有人，又有物时例如： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的仅仅供油问题 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy .This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用例如： There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方 3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子 判断改错： （ ） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （ ） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （ ） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （ ） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A 4 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的非限制性） 2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍 3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句5 介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略 2）that前不能有介词 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的\"介词+关系词\"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换例如： This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ Do you remember the day when you joined our club?在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。
而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：A）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形。