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1、非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构 ：be+ done（以 the book , publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book is/ was published .一般/过去将来时：The book will/would be published .The book is/was going to be published .现在/过去进行时：The book is/was being published .现在/过去完成时：The book has/had been published .情态动词：The book can/could
2、/may/might be published .二、不定式的被动式的基础知识：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have bee n done进行式to be doing没有被动语态完成进行式to have bee n doing没有被动语态1 )一般式：(not/never ) to be done2)完成式：(n ot/ never) to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)三、通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被 动语态以及被动
3、语态和动词不定式的转换.如：They say that Mike is sick in bed.=lt is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起People believe that he was killed.=lt is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have bee n killed.大家相信他被杀了 .四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般 要采用被动形式(to be done).语
4、法功能：1 作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2. 作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjia ng.3 构成复合宾语：He wan ted the letter to be typed at once.She didn t like herstrifbe praised like that.4构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room .5作定语：Are you going to the meeting
5、 to be held in the teachers office?6作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.五、 不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 to have been done （表示该动作是发生在主句 之前的一个被动动作） ，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等， 如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. （主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. （ 宾语 ）He thoug
6、ht it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1 There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。（多用主动形式 ）例如： There is a lot of work to do / to be done .The
7、re is no time to lose /to be lost .译： 没有什么可担心的。There is nothing to worry about. 注意以下两点：（1）如果不定式结构加了 for sb .表示的逻辑主语时There are still many questions for us to discuss. （us 与 discuss 主谓关系，用主动 to discuss） There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.（the book 与 publish 是动宾关系，用被动 to be publish
8、ed）（2）某些动词（do, see）的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。比较：There is nothing to do now. （We have nothing to do now.）There is nothing to be done now. （We can do nothing now.）There is nothing to see. （Nothing is worth seeing.）There is nothing to be seen. （Nothing is there at all.）2 在“主语 + be+ adj+ to do ”句型中： 常见的 ad
9、j 有 hard ， amusing ， interesting ， cheap， difficult ， dangerous ， easy， nice， important ， pleasant.etc.That question is difficult to answer.He is an impossible person to work with 但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：The handwriting is difficult to be read.注意： 如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。John is difficult to deal with.分
10、析： （动 ） （ 宾）译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。The armchair is comfortable to sit inThe questi on is difficult to work out3. 当上述第2题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式：I found him easy to get along with.They don t think the game interesting to play.I find the lecture difficult to un dersta nd.4. 在 “too to do; enought结构中。如：The pr
11、oblem is too difficult to work out （to be worked out）The house is big enough to live in.（不及物动词要补出相应的介词）但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：This box is too heavy to be lifted.5. 在“with+n+to do结构中。（和逻辑主语是主动关系） 例如： With nothing to do , he lay in bed .With so many exercises to do , I can t go to the cinema6. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句
12、中出现时。例如：I have a meeting to attend.。 （to attend与I有主谓关系，即I是逻辑主语）Give him some books to read. （to read 与 him 有主谓关系，即 him 是逻辑主语 ）如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句：1. Have you any thi ng to do this after noon?2. Have you any thi ng to be take n to the city （by me or some one else） ?（to take与you没有主谓关系，即
13、you不是逻辑主语）练习：填写括号中动词的适当形式1.1 have a meet ing（atte nd） today.2. He gave me some books（read）.3.1 m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything （take） to your parents?7. 些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let（出租），rent, hire, blame等。例如： The house is to rent. Nobody was to blame for the accident.但是，具有对比意义时，仍用被动
14、形式。例如：The room is to be rented, not to be sold. 。 She is to be praised, not to be blamed.Exercise1. Havi ng a trip abroad is certa in ly good for the old couple, but it remainswhether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be see n C. see ing D. see n2. I hurried to the meeti ng hall, onlythat the meet
15、ing had bee n put off.A. to tellB. to be told C. telli ng D. told3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appearseveryth ing.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telli ng D. to have bee n told4. Little Tom should loveto the theater this evening.A. to be take n B. to take C. being take nD. tak ing5. With a lot of problems, the n ewly-elected preside nt is havi ng a hard time.A. settled B. settli ngC. to settle D. bei ng settled6. Heand was made to repeat it.A. didn t understa
