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1、6John Herons Six Category Intervention Analysis John Heron offers his approach as a conceptual framework for understanding interpersonal relationships and as a means of analysing a range of possible therapeutic interactions between a client and a helper. An intervention is an identifiable piece of v
2、erbal and/or non-verbal behaviour that is part of the practitioners service to the client (Heron 2001). Analysis, from Heron (2001) perspective places emphasis upon what the practitioner intended to achieve in the interaction/intervention, rather than on the actual effect.Interventions and Non-Inter
3、ventions An intervention must seek to address the current psychological needs of the client. If questions are asked of a client, solely for the practitioners benefit - this is not an intervention and not worthy of analysis. If questions are asked of a client in order to address a clients needs and t
4、herefore, have an effect upon a client; i.e. enable, challenge, give, draw-out and/or encourage the client. This would be viewed as an appropriate intervention and be worthy of analysis.Forms of Intervention (1) Therapeutic/Valid - an appropriate intervention which is delivered in the best interests
5、 of the client, with good intent and in a competent manner.Classes of Therapeutic InterventionAuthoritative InterventionsThe practitioner takes a more dominant or assertive role, taking responsibility for and on behalf of the client. 1).Prescriptive Intervention: the practitioner explicitly seeks to
6、 direct the behaviour of the client, by guiding his or her behaviour. 2).Informative Intervention: the practitioner seeks to impart knowledge, information and meaning to the client, by giving instruction. 3).Confronting Intervention: the practitioner seeks to raise the clients awareness about some l
7、imiting attitude or behaviour of which they are relatively unaware, by challenging the client by direct feedback, but whilst not making a personal attack upon the client.Facilitative InterventionsThe practitioner seeks to enable clients to become more autonomous and take more responsibility for them
8、selves 4).Cathartic Intervention: the practitioner seeks to enable the client to abreact powerful emotions; primarily anxiety, grief and anger by helping to release emotional pain and tension. 5).Catalytic Intervention: the practitioner seeks to enable the client to learn, develop and problem-solve
9、by encouraging self-reflection, self-direction and self-discovery. 6).Supporting Intervention: the practitioner seeks to affirm the worth and value of the clients qualities, attitudes, beliefs and actions by approving the person.Forms of Intervention (2) Degenerate - an inappropriate intervention wh
10、ich is delivered in a misguided manner. Degenerate interventions are rooted in lack of awareness, in lack of experience, lack of personal growth, lack of training (Heron 2001).Types of Degenerate Interventions 1).Unsolicited - inappropriate interventions where the formal relationship has not been es
11、tablished and a person appoints him or herself as the practitioner without client consent; or when the manner of the intervention is overly intrusive or disrespectful, although solicited by the nature of the role-relationship. 2).Manipulative - inappropriate interventions in which the practitioner i
12、s motivated by self-interest, or any interests other than those of the client. Being in control is the most obvious of the manipulative interventions, whereby the practitioner always wants to lead and never follow the client. 3).Compulsive - inappropriate interventions in which the practitioner proj
13、ects his or her unresolved psychological problems onto the client during the intervention. This may involve inappropriately attacking the client, colluding with client, or overlooking important aspects of the clients welfare. 4).Unskilled - simply incompetent interventions because the practitioner h
14、as never had the training and has no real grasp of the quality, scope or suitability of the intervention.Degenerate classes of the six categories (examples)Authoritativei). Prescriptive Degeneration Benevolent take-over:- creating dependency by giving advice to an insecure client who needs encourage
15、ment to be self-directing. Moralistic oppression:- creating rebelliousness by imposing authoritarian shoulds, oughts and musts on a client who may appreciate the rationality of the proposed behaviour but who feels impelled to reject the way in which it is presented.ii). Informative Degeneration Seductive over-teach:- the practitioner excels in excessive information giving, so that the client is seduced into excessive passivity and away from self-directed learning. Oppressive over-teach:- the practitioner goes on for too long giving out too much information,
