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1、基本语法表格1.人称代词和物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数 (现在时, 动词+s/es)复数人称代词主格Iweyouyousheheittheythese宾格meusyouyouherhimitthemthose物主代词(的)物主性myouryouryourherhisitstheirthese名词性mineoursyoursyourshershisitstheirsthose反身代词自己myselfourselvesyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfitselfthemselvesthemselves2.可数名词的复数构成举例1在名词后面加s
2、 Americans, Germans, apples, bananas2以s, x, sh, ch, 结尾的，加esboxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, foxes buses3以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加esbaby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,4以元音字母加y结尾的直接加sday-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, way-ways5以o结尾加s（外来词）；但如是辅音加o的加esradios, photos zoostoma
3、toes, potatoes heroes6以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加esthief,wife,shelf,knife, loaf,leaf,wolf,half,7一般只有复数，没有单数的有clothes;p0lice, people, crew, staff, police; pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, socks, trouses; scissors; （由两部分组成的东西）8特殊形式的有child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, sheep-sheep
4、; man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen10如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数，则前后两个词都要变为复数man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 11既可以是单数也可以是复数的一些集合名词class班，同学；family家，家庭成员；organization机构；army军队；audience观众；enemy敌人；navy海军；committee委员会；group, team.12单复数相同fish, sheep, deer鹿子,
5、 Chinese, Japanese13单复数意思不同fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类,paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文work工作 works作品，工厂glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜orange桔子水 oranges橙子light光线 lights灯cloth布 clothes衣服people人 peoples民族time时间 times时代, 次数chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡water水 waters水域；公海wood 木板； woods树林14常用的不可数名词water, milk, fruit, meat, food, paper, air, we
6、ather, rice, ice, furniture家具sheep羊肉, fish鱼肉 （动物表示肉类）3.名词所有格（某人/物“的”东西）构成举例1单数：在后面加sbrothers, Mikes, teachers2复数：以s结尾的直接在s后加，不以s结尾的，加sTeachers Day教师节 classmates books同学们的书籍 Childrens Day六一节 Womens Day三八节 动词+ed的构成方式 构成举例1直接在词尾加ed work-worked; play-played; want-wanted; act-acted2以不发音的e字母结尾的动词，直接加dlive
7、-lived; move-moved; taste-tasted; hope-hoped, 3以辅音字母+ y结尾的，把y变为i 再加edstudy-studied; copy-copied; cry-cried; carry-carried4以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加edstop plan fit refer prefer cancel travel quarrel drop 4.动词+ing的构成方式构成举例2以不发音的e字母结尾的动词，要去掉e再加ingmake-making, write-writing, skate-skating, clo
8、seclosing, come-coming, take-taking，have-having, dance-dancing, liveliving; hope-hoping3若结尾的e 发音, 就不能去掉see-seeing4以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加ingrun-running, swim-swimming, get-getting, sitsitting, putputting, beginbeginning, hit-hitting, stop-stopping, forget forgetting5在少数几个以ie 结尾的动词后：须将ie
9、变作y，再加ing。diedying; tietying, lielying躺/位于 lie- lied - lied - lying撒谎 lie - lay - lain - lying 躺/位于 lay - laid - laid - laying下蛋/放5.时态语态公式时态主动被动 be + done （过去分词）1一般现在时do / doesam/is/are done2一般过去时did used to dowas/were done3一般将来时will/shall do am/is/are going to dowill/shall be done4现在进行时am/is/are do
10、ingam/is/are being done5过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done6将来进行时will be doingwill be done7现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done8过去完成时had donehad been done9将来完成时will have donewill have been done10现在完成进行时have/has been doinghave/has been done11过去将来时would dowould be done 6.主动/被动主动被动： be + done (be-am
11、/is/are-was/were-being-been)1一般现在时I do my homework every dayMy homework is done (by me) every day.2一般过去时I did my homework yesterday.My homework was done (by me) yesterday.3一般将来时I will do my homework tomorow.My homework will be done (by me) tomorrow.4现在进行时I am doing my homework now.My homework is bei
12、ng done now.5过去进行时I was doing my homework at 3:00 yesterday afternoon.My homework was being done at 3:00 yesterday afternoon6将来进行时I will be doing my homework tomorrow.My homework will be done tomorrow.7现在完成时I have already done my homework.My homework has already been done.8过去完成时I had done my homewor
13、k before yesterday afternoon.My homework had been done before yesterday afternoon9将来完成时I will have done my homework tomorrow.My homework will have been done tomorrow.10现在完成进行时I have been doing a half of my homework.My homework has been done a half.11过去将来时I said that I would do my homework next week.
14、I said that my homework would be done next week.7.不规则动词巧记表AAA型 过去式、过去分词与原形一致原形过去式过去分词词义原形过去式过去分词词义cutcutcut切、割、剪shutshutshut关、闭（门窗）putputput放置hurthurthurt受伤；疼痛letletlet让costcostcost值钱；花费setsetset设置readreadread朗读；阅读hithithit撞击；打spreadspreadspread展开；铺开AAB型 过去式与原形一致原形过去式过去分词词义原形过去式过去分词词义beatbeatbeaten击败；
