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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenom
2、enon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validityThere is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is rea
3、sonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers and governments.The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long be
4、fore medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behavior are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with hi
5、gh standards of ethical behavior and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favor candid
6、ates with integrity and positive ethical behavior-if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical school should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, d
7、ata that suggest that during medical school the ethical behavior of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical le
8、aders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a schools culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an acti
9、ve role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the schools examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm，fair, transparent, and consistent.1.What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?2.According t
10、o the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because（ ）.3.What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?4.According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?5.The author will probably agree with which of the follo
11、wing statements?问题1选项A.Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.B.We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.C.We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.D.Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking
12、.问题2选项A.the medical profession is based on trustB.there is zero tolerance of cheating in medicineC.the medical profession depends on the governmentD.cheating exists extensively in medical schools问题3选项A.Family, culture and society play an active part.B.Bad school environment is the leading cause of s
13、tudent cheating.C.Parents are always to blame for their childrens cheating behavior.D.Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.问题4选项A.Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.B.Medical schools should make efforts to r
14、emedy the ills of a society.C.Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.D.There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behavior of their students.问题5选项A.Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.B.Pr
15、ominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.C.Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.D.Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school
16、【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。文章第一段提到 “Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity. 虽然我们没有足够的可靠数据来说明这一现象的严重程度，也不了解如何预防和进行有效管理，但可以根据常识和看似有效的观念得出很
