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1、A:asphalt沥青aquifer含水层adiabatic绝热的arch dam拱坝a storage or conservation reservoir蓄水水库accessory附件，配件属at the foot of.坝后arch action拱效应abutment坝肩ancillary附属的available现有的 可获得的available material 现有的材料angle折角air-driven气动annual temperature cycle稳定温度appurtenant structure次要建筑物age龄期alkali-aggregate reaction碱骨料反应a
2、bsorption吸水性B:bus母线，总线be monolithic with与.连成整体bed河床be away from.引水式bulk cement散装水泥bituminous沥青的best advantage最优binding agent胶凝材料buttress dam支墩坝Bulk-mineral 矿物质batch配料batch plant配料场拌和楼bucket料，罐C:construction施工concrete混凝土creep徐变，渗水cutoff截流constant常数condensation凝结conceptual概念上的cyclone气旋collide碰撞convect
3、ion对流convergence集中conduit管道conduit system输水系统current 流c.大约的cyclopean masonry巨石cf.参阅constrain抑制concrete face面板curvature曲率cupola or double curvature arch dam双曲拱坝cut-offs防渗墙categorized分类coarse-grained粗粒度的compact压实consideration考虑因素cure养护cement hydration process水泥硬化过程coarse aggregate粗骨料crane起重机cableway缆机
4、content用量consolidate巩固consolidation密实consistency稠度closest practicable最可行的correct emphasis on恰如其分地强调crushing strength抗压强度cylinder圆柱体cube立方体cutting core取芯样chemical attack化学侵蚀crack裂缝composite material复合材料compressive strength抗压强度compressive stress压应力D:dispose处理，处置deposition沉积作用，沉淀droplet小水滴dew point露点de
5、pression洼地低dissipate消散diversion system引水系统draft tube尾水管dry mortal干砂浆derivative衍生物dome圆屋顶decked buttress大头坝draw-off抽取discharge排水decked rockfill dam面板堆石坝zoned rockfill dam分区堆石坝discrete离散的defined zone分区designated指定的designation名称durability耐久性dozer推土机distribution分部desirable structure理想结构E:estuary河口evapor
6、ation蒸发evaporation and transpiration蒸散发eutrophication富营养化elevated提高的erosion腐蚀equator赤道energy dissipation消能empoly采用embankment dam土石坝earthfill embankment土坝escalate逐步增强，逐步上升excavate开挖external外部的elastic modules弹性模量F:feasible可行的，切实可行的feed water供水function函数，运行foerbay前池fresh water淡水flood plain洪泛范区flood wal
7、l防洪墙front锋flow-control valve流量控制阀facing装饰面floor of the valley谷底基岩面flat slab buttress平板坝frictional摩擦力的fine aggregate细骨料facilitate使是便利fresh concrete新拌制刚拌好的混凝土fatigue strength疲劳强度flexural strength抗弯强度floor slab楼板G:generate 发电granite花岗岩groundwater地下水geo-membrance土工膜generate 产生形成gravity dam重力坝gate闸门guide
8、 vane导叶generator发电机gallery廊道green cut冲毛gradient梯度given特定的H:hydroelectric power station 水力发电站hydrologic cycle水文循环hydrosphere水圈hail冰雹head水头hydraulic structure水工建筑物horizontal construction joint水平施工缝hollow gravity dam空腹重力坝homogeneous section均质断面horizontal arch水平拱high-capacity mechanical plant重型机械highly
9、mechanized process高度机械化的过程high-pressure air-water jet高压水汽水-气柱冲喷射heat generated as cement hydrates薄薄的乳皮层水泥水化产生的热量harden硬化的I:interception植物截留impervious不透水的irrigation灌溉infiltration渗透intensity强度intake进水口initially最初的地interval间隔integrity完整性impounding蓄水instance例子impervious element防渗体intensively集中的intensive
10、密集的incorporate采用impermeability抗渗性installation安装in some manner从某种程度上instantaneous stiffness瞬时刚度J:joint接缝K:karst岩溶Karez,Kariz坎儿井kinetic动力学的，动的L:large power station 大型电站loading荷载lithosphere岩石圈levee堤防latent energy潜在能量lightened轻型的labour劳动lean干贫性M:masonry砖石结构，砌石meander 蜿蜒manifold多支管motion运动，移动merge汇moistu
11、re湿气，水气masonry dam圬工坝mechanical energy机械能mass concrete大体积混凝土multiple arch dam连拱坝moisture content含水量mix搅拌monolith坝段，巨型独石mix design配合比设计mixture proportioning配合比main reinforcement主筋N:navigation航运nature of duty工作特性normal maximum water level正常蓄水位nonoverflow section非溢流坝段necessary compaction密实度压实normal法向ne
12、gative moment负弯矩O:overstressing超限应力P:perched water table上层滞水面pore 毛孔，小孔，气孔precipitation降水percoloation渗水，渗漏底层pondage贮水pressure tunner压力隧道penstock压力管道periods of peak flows蓄水期periods of low flows枯水期power house厂房profile外形，轮廓，剖面pulverized fuel ash(PFA)粉煤灰principal主要的prominent最杰出的passage通过perrevious透水的pla
13、ce铺筑，浇筑plant intensive机械化proportion配比preparation备仓perform实施precooling 预冷and postcooling预冷 后冷pozzolans火山灰property性质paste binder砂浆，水泥浆prefabricated units预制构件part of a structure结构部位precast concrete预筑混凝土preassemble预先绑扎,预装配premeabilitypermeability渗透性positive moment正弯矩preclude妨碍Q:quartzite石英岩R:runoff径流res
14、ettlement移民reservoir水库retaining structure挡水建筑物rainfall降雨rainfall intensity降雨强度rigid dam刚性坝R.C.C.（roller compacted concrete）碾压混凝土rack（trash rack）进水口拦污栅rotor转子rotate旋转rubble碎石rockfill dam堆石坝radius半径rarity罕见river diversion导流readily容易地rail有轨机车rapid placement using constructurione technique快速浇筑施工工艺的快速浇筑relative proportion相对比例right angle直角S:strength强度sufficient足够的storage needed库容storage capiacity库容saturation饱和sleet雪籽,霰sublimation升华spillway溢洪道surge tank调压室stator定子switchgear开关装置switch yard 开关
