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1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 填空题（1） of a series of unforeseen problems, Professor Bandini and his research group dont have（2 ）money to finish their current project. Bandini has（3） to the ministry for （4）funds.【答案】1.Because2.enough3.applied to4.more【解析】1.固定搭配。Because of 因为。2.语义题。enough 足够的。
2、3.固定搭配。apply to 申请4.语义题。More 更多的2. 单选题1. In the past few years, even as the US has pulled out of the Great Recession of 2008, some economists and technologists have warned that the economy is near a tipping point. When they examine labor-market data, they see troubling signs, masked for now by a cyc
3、lical recovery. They see automation high and low robots in the operating room and behind the fast-food counter. They imagine self-driving cars and Amazon delivery drones dotting the sky, replacing millions of drivers, warehouse Stockers and sales workers. They observe that the capabilities of machin
4、es continue to grow exponentially, while our own remain the same. And they wonder: Is any job truly safe?2. Science-fiction writers have at times looked forward to the takeover of the workplace by machines. They imagine the disappearance of drudgery and its replacement by greater leisure and almost
5、limitless personal freedom. If the capabilities of computers continue to multiply while theprice of computing continues to fall, that will mean a great many of lifes necessities and luxuries will become ever cheaper, and it will mean great wealth for some.3. But the widespread disappearance of work
6、would open the way for a social transformation unlike any weve seen. Saving work may be more important than saving any particular job. Industriousness has served as Americas unofficial religion since its founding. The sanctity and preeminence of work lie at the heart of the countrys politics, econom
7、ics and social interactions. What might happen if work goes away?4. The US labor force has been shaped by technological progress. Agricultural technology gave birth to the farming industry, the industrial revolution moved people into factories, and then globalization and automation moved them back o
8、ut, giving rise to a service economy. But through all these changes, the total number of jobs always increased. What may be looming is an era of technological unemployment in which the inventions of computer scientists and software engineers shrink the total number of jobs permanently.5. The hope th
9、at machines might free us from toil has always been mixed with the fear that they will rob us of our agency. In the midst of the Great Depression, the British economist JM Keynes forecast that by 2030 technological progress would allow a 15-hour workweek, and abundant leisure. But around the same ti
10、me, US President Hoover also received a letter warning that industrial technology was a “monster” that threatened to upend manufacturing, “devouring our civilization”. These hopes and fears were revisited with particular urgency during the 1960s, as the computer revolution took shape.6. According to
11、 Peter Frase, the author of Four Futures, a new book about how automation will change America, work is really three things the means by which the economy produces goods, the means by which people earn income, and an activity that lends meaning or purpose to many peoples lives. “We tend to confuse th
12、ese things,” he told me, “because today we need to pay people to keep the lights on, so to speak. But in a future of abundance, you wouldnt, and we ought to think about ways to make it easier not to be employed.”7. Frase belongs to a small group of writers, academics and economists who welcome the e
13、nd of labor. US society has “an irrational belief in work for works sake,” says Benjamin Hunnicutt, another of this group and a historian at the University of Iowa, “even though most jobs arent very uplifting.” A 2014 Gallup report on worker satisfaction found that as many as 70 percent of Americans
14、 dont feel engaged by their current job. Hunnicutt told me that if a cashiers work were a video game, critics of video games might call it mindless. But when its a “job”，politicians praise its intrinsic dignity. “Purpose，meaning, creativity, autonomy - all these things that psychology has shown to b
15、e necessary for well-being are absent in the average job，” he said.8. These thinkers are certainly right about some important things. Paid labor does not always correlate neatly with social good. Raising children and caring for the sick are essential work, yet these jobs are compensated poorly or no
16、t at all. In a post-work society, Hunnicutt said, people might spend more time caring for their families and neighbors: our sense of personal worth could come from our relationships rather than from our careers. The post-work proponents agree that even in the best post-work scenarios, pride and jealousy will remain, even in an economy of abundance. But with the right government arrangements, they believe, the end
