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1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The method of science does not seek to impose the desires and hopes of men upon the flux of things in a capricious manner. It may indeed be employed to satisfy the desires of men. But its successful use depends upon seeking, in a deliberate manner, and irrespect
2、ive of what mens desires are, to recognize, as well as to take advantage of, the structure which the flux possesses.Consequently, scientific method aims to discover what the facts truly are, and the use of the method must be guided by the discovered facts. But, as we have repeatedly pointed out, wha
3、t the facts are cannot be discovered without reflection. Knowledge of the facts cannot be equated to the brute immediacy of our sensations. When our skin comes into contact with objects having high temperatures or with liquid air, the immediate experiences may be similar. We cannot, however, conclud
4、e without error that the temperatures of the substances touched are the same. Sensory experience sets the problem of knowledge, just because such experience is immediate and finally it must become informed by reflective analysis before knowledge can be said to take place.Every inquiry arises from so
5、me felt problem, so that no inquiry can even get under way unless some selection or sifting of the subject matter has taken place. Such selection requires, we have been urging all along, some hypothesis, preconception, prejudice, which guides the research as well as delimits the subject matter of in
6、quiry. Every inquiry is specific in the sense that it has a definite problem to solve, and such solution terminates the inquiry. It is idle to collect “facts unless there is a problem upon which they are supposed to bear.The ability to formulate problems whose solution may also help solve other prob
7、lems is a rare gift, requiring extraordinary genius. The problems which meet us in daily life can be solved, if they can be solved at all, by the application of scientific method. But such problems do not, as a rule, raise far-reaching issues. The most striking applications of scientific method are
8、to be found in the various natural and social sciences.The “facts” for which every inquiry reaches out are propositions for whose truth there is considerable evidence. Consequently what the “facts” are must be determined by inquiry, and cannot be determined antecedently to inquiry. Moreover, what we
9、 believe to be the facts clearly depends upon the stage of our inquiry. There is therefore no sharp line dividing facts from guesses or hypotheses. During any inquiry the status of a proposition may change from that of hypothesis to that of fact, or from that of fact to that of hypothesis. Every so-
10、called fact, therefore, may be challenged for the evidence upon which it is asserted to be a fact, even though no such challenge is actually made.1.The best title for this passage might be （ ）.2.The phrase “irrespective of” in the passage is closest in meaning to （ ）.3.The author mentioned “When our
11、 skinbe similar” in order to show that （ ）.4.Which of the following statements can best paraphrase the last sentence “It is idle, to bear” in Paragraph 3?5.All of the following statements are TRUE EXCEPT that （ ）.问题1选项A.Hypotheses and Scientific MethodB.Evidence and Scientific MethodC.Facts and Scie
12、ntific MethodD.System in the Ideal of Science问题2选项A.regardless ofB.irrelevant toC.regardingD.as regards问题3选项A.the discovery of true facts could not occur without theoretical analysisB.all immediate experiences are important for scientific methodC.the facts are based on the immediate experiencesD.kno
13、wledge of the facts cannot take place without our sensations问题4选项A.Facts can be effectively collected before we can feel some problem bearing on them.B.Collecting facts should rely on some hypotheses.C.There is no use in collecting facts if there is no possibility of formulating a problem based on t
14、hem.D.It is worthy to collect facts if there is no problem to which they are probably related.问题5选项A.without careful thoughts we cannot discover the real factsB.facts would not appear if there were no theoretical analysis and interpretationC.it is not difficult for people to distinguish the facts fr
15、om guessesD.it is tough for people to formulate problems that may lead to scientific inquiry【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第二段，“scientific method aims to discover what the facts truly are, and the use of the method must be guided by the discovered facts.”，可知科学方法的目的是发现事实的真相，方法的使用必须以发现的事实为
16、指导。概述了了科学方法和事实之间的关系。后面的文段对这个话题进行了详细讨论和阐述。所以本文的主题就是事实和科学方法。详细C符合题意。2.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“But its successful use depends upon seeking, in a deliberate manner, and irrespective of what mens desires are, to recognize, as well as to take advantage of, the structure which the flux possesses.”，可知科学方法的成功使用取决于以深思熟虑的方式，且不在考虑人的欲望的情况下，去识别和
