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1、英语四级语法备战-虚拟语气大总结概述：如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢？1.I wish I were a bird.2.We request that you be here tomorrow.也许你会说:哈哈，第一句的 Iwere 错了，应该是 Iwas；而第二句中的 yoube是什么东东呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为假设语气，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。Subjunctive Mo
2、od中文译作虚拟语气，似乎不及假设语气那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种；但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如：1.1现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚
3、拟语气)Iwork - I workyou work - you workhe works - he work (注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works)she works - she work (不是 she works 喔）it works - it work(同样不是 it works 喔)we work - we workthey work - they work1.2现在进行时态(Present Continuous)右边为虚拟语气）I am working - I be working (注意用的是 be，怪怪的!) you are working - you be worki
4、nghe is working - he be workingshe is working - she be workingit is working - it be workingwe are working - we be workingthey are woring - they be working1.3现在完成时态(Present Perfect)右边为虚拟语气)I have worked - I have workedyou have worked - you have workedhe has worked - he have worked (用的还是have喔)she has
5、worked - she have workedit has worked - it have workedwe have worked - we have workedthey have worked - they have worked1.4现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous)右边为虚拟语气)I have been working - I have been workingyou have been working - you have been workinghe has been working - he have been working(是 he
6、 have, 不是 he has )she has been working - she have been workingit has been working - it have been workingwe have been working - we have been workingthey have been working - they have been working二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去中要用 were。2.1过去时态(Simple Past)右边为虚拟语气)I work
7、ed - I workedyou worked - you workedhe worked - he workedshe worked - she workedit worked - it workedwe worked - we workedthey worked - they worked2.2过去进行时态(Past Continuous)右边为虚拟语气)I was working - I were working （注意是 I were）you were working - you were workinghe was working - he were working (是 he we
8、re 喔)she was working - she were workingit was working - it were workingwe were working - we were workingthey were working - they were working2.3过去完成时态(Past Perfect)右边为虚拟语气)I had worked - I had workedyou had worked - you had workedhe had worked - he had workedshe had worked - she had workedit had wor
9、ked - it had workedwe had worked - we had workedthey had worked - they had worked(耶，全部都用 had ! )2.4过去完成进行时态(Past Perfect Continuous)右边为虚拟语气I had been working - I had been workingyou had been working - you had been workinghe had been working - he had been workingshe had been working - she had been wo
10、rkingit had been working - it had been workingwe had been working - we had been workingthey had been working - they had been working(全部都是 had been 喔）三、简单的祝愿和命令：3.1祝愿1.May you be happy. (注意那个 be ) 祝你幸福。2.May you have a good time.3.May the friendship between us last long,4.Have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快！
11、3.2命令注意：1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not。1.Work !2.Work harder !3.Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词 Be)4.You go out !5.Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)6.Dont be afraid. (口语中常用dont 代替 do not)四、在现在时态句里，用情态动词(Mo
12、dal Verb)的过去时态(could,might,should,would)表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼、委婉等：1. Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.(情态动词 would,表示客气有礼)2. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)五、虚拟语气在宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的用法：5.1 在wish后的虚拟语气宾语从句(可省略它的that)： 表示：a.和现在的事实相反； b.和过去的事实相反； c
13、.对将来的主观愿望。5.1.1 现在情况的虚拟，从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)：1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question. (wish, 动词过去式 knew) 我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. (wish, were) 但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were) 但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能,难道是鸟人？呵呵)4. W
14、hen she was at the party,she wished she were at home. (wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese. (wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us. (will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)5.1.2 过去情况的虚拟，从句动词用had + 过去分词（时间上较前):1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)3. We wished he had spoken to us.
