宾语从句英语语法

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1、宾语从句英语语法宾语从句(一) 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。 宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如:She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)She says (that)

2、 she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看

3、这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如:The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她说她

4、父亲比她大二十八岁He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。宾语从句(二) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如:We dont know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。 he question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是

5、否应该做那件事。 Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。试比较:当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如: I dont know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如:I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去。初中英语宾语从句小结一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:She said that she would leave the me

6、ssage on the headmasters desk.她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。 I dont know whether hell come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来但直接与or

7、 not连用时,往往用whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如:Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I dont know whether or not he does any washing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我们

8、是去还是留。三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗?I dont know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗? 下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容 句式 连词 语序 陈述句 that 不变 一般疑问句 If/whether 改为陈述语序 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 改为陈述语序 宾语从句的时态问题 主句 一般现在时态 一般过去

9、时态 从句 保留原来时态 改为过去的某个时态 客观事实和自然现象除外 所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化 一般现在时态 一般过去时态 现在进行时态 过去进行时态(was/were doing) 现在完成时态 过去完成时态(had +过去分词) 一般将来时态 过去将来时态(would do;was/were going to do)宾语从句使用-四注意我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点: 一、引导词的使用 1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如: Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very

10、 boring. 2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如: David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night. 3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如: Do you know what we can do on the island? I dont know why Jane was late for sch

11、ool this morning. 二、语序的陈述化 宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如: When did he leave? I want to know. I want to know when he left. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day? 三、时态的呼应 1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如: I hear she is here today(she

12、was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.) 2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如: He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。 3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 四、否定转移 当主句的谓语动词为th

13、ink, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如: I dont believe he is here on time, is he? I dont think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?宾语从句要点盘点一、宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。如： Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗?二、宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应。 主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可用任何所需要的时态。主句是过去时态时，从句要用表示过去的

14、相应的时态。但如果从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，则从句应用一般过去时，不用过去完成时；如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时，用一般现在时。如： He said he had finished his studies when the war broke out.他说战争爆发时，他已经完成了学业。He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.他说他将在大连度假。 She said that the earth moves around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。三、如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句后置。其句型为：“主

15、语+谓语+it+补足语+宾语从句”。如：We think it important that we should master at least one foreign language.我们认为掌握至少一门外语是重要的。注意：(1)连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,but和in等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如： He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好学生，只不过有点粗心。 See to it that children dont catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。