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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976
2、 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans d
3、o not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by womens liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs are careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to s
4、eem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties, introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstanceswomen wor
5、king outside the home and the instability of marriage一tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th cen
6、tury.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1998 and 1999 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2010. The presently ri
7、ch countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspiration will exceed resources. All this will lead to a popu
8、lation in the new century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.1.What influences the birth rate most in the United States is （ ） .2.The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem
9、impossibly expensive” implies that （ ） .3.A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century is （ ） .4.The population in the new century, according to the writer, （ ） .问题1选项A.highly paid jobsB.womens desire for independenceC.expenses of child raisingD.high divorce rate问题2选项A.fo
10、od and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB.prices are going up dramatically all the timeC.to raise children women have to give up interesting and well-paid jobsD.social development has made child-raising inexpensive问题3选项A.birth controlB.the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.the in
11、stability of marriageD.the changed place of women问题4选项A.will be smaller than a few years agoB.will not be as small as people expectC.will prove to be a threat to the worldD.will not continue as serious a problem as expected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第二段第二句“We are more affected by womens l
12、iberation: . provide free labor for child raising.”美国出生率受到妇女解放的影响:一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。选项B符合原文。2.信息推断题。上一句提到，一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。由此可以推断，抚养孩子从零成本似乎变成了高成本，是因为女性为了抚养孩子而放弃高薪工作所付出了昂贵的代价，这里并不是说抚养孩子的成本高。所以选项C符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“Along with them . in Europe in the 19th centu
13、ry.”社会流动性，以及在城市里发展提升的抱负，是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的一个主要因素。选项B符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，目前富裕的国家由于妇女地位改变而人口趋于稳定，为世界其他地区树立了榜样，工业社会也将蔓延到贫穷国家，所有的这些都将导致新世纪的人口比几年前的要少。潜在意思是说，新世纪的人口问题不会像预期的那样严重。选项D相对于选项A来说，更为恰当。2. 单选题An unidentified wit once said, “laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone.” Yet sno
14、ring is far from a laughing matter, as those unfortunates with good hearing, who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify.It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores: this means that there are approximately 21 million peoplewomen as well as menwho render
15、 an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it necessarily follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the sno
16、ring. The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise
