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1、2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The rice and cotton fields are beset with swarms of pests like rice hopper and pink bollworm.问题1选项A.investedB.infestedC.infectedD.injected【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。Beset表示“困扰，围绕”；A项invest“投资，覆盖”，B项infest“大批滋生”，C项infect“感染”，D项inject“注入，注射”。句意：稻田和棉田被成群的害虫所包围，如稻虱和粉虱。因此B项
2、正确。2. 单选题Before an amendment can be added to the Constitution, it must be ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures.问题1选项A.discussedB.endorsedC.proposedD.revised【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。ratify表示“批准，认可”。A项discuss“讨论”，B项endorse“签字，签署”，表示认可的意思，C项propose“打算，计划”，D项revise“修改”；句意：修正案必须得到四分之三的国家立法机关的批准，才能被
3、添加到宪法中。根据句意该题选B。3. 单选题Owing to the unpredictable weather, the arrangements are subject to change.问题1选项A.supposedB.aboutC.liableD.bound【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。Be subject to表示“有倾向，受支配”；A项be supposed to“被期望，应该”，B项be about to“即将，刚要”，C项be liable to“有倾向，易于”，D项be bound to“必然，一定要”。句意：由于天气变化莫测，安排可能会有所改变。因此C项正确。4. 单选
4、题Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate _ yield when unusual weight is placed on them.问题1选项A.although its crust and mantleB.its crust and mantle toC.that its crust and mantleD.for its crust and mantle to【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。indicate是谓语，后面接一个宾语从句作宾语，A、B、D选项不符合语法，因此错误。句意：对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和
5、地幔会发生位移。因此C项正确。5. 翻译题The United States is a common law country. Every U.S. state has a legal system based on the common law, except Louisiana. Common law has no statutory basis; judges establish common law by applying previous decisions (precedents) to present cases. Although typically affected by s
6、tatutory authority, broad areas of the law, most notably relating to property, contracts, and torts, are traditionally part of the common law. These areas of the law are mostly within the jurisdiction of the states, and thus state courts are the primary source of common law. Federal common law is re
7、latively narrow in scope, being limited primarily to clearly federal issues that have not been addressed by a statute.State constitutions are the supreme law within the state. Although a state constitution may grant greater rights than those secured by the federal Constitution, it cannot provide les
8、ser rights than the federal constitution does. State statutes must conform to the respective states constitution. All state constitutions and legislation can be preempted by federal legislation or the federal Constitution. Municipal charters, ordinances, rules, and regulations apply only to local is
9、sues; either state or federal law typically can preempt them.【答案】参考译文：美国是一个普通法系的国家。除了路易斯安那州，美国各州都拥有一个基于普通法的法律系统。普通法没有成文法基础；法官们通过运用先前的决定（先例）建立普通法去解决当前的案例。尽管通常受法律权限和广泛的法律领域影响，尤其与财产，合同和侵权行为有关的，传统上都是普通法的一部分。这些法律领域大多数都是在各州的管辖范围之内的，因此州法院是普通法的主要来源。联邦普通法是一个适用范围相对狭小的法律，主要限制于处理那些非成文法的联邦问题。州宪法是州内的最高位阶的法律。虽然州宪法
10、授予的权利可能多于联邦宪法所保护的权利，但是州宪法不能提供少于联邦宪法保护的权利。州法令必须符合各自州的宪法。所有州的宪法和法律可能被联邦法律或联邦宪法所取代。市政章程，条例，规则，与规定制度只适用于当地的问题，州或联邦法律通常都可以优先使用它们。6. 单选题Want a glimpse of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people involved in patient care are being connected to one another: and how th
11、is new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patientno matter where he or she may be.Online doctors offering advice based on standardized symptoms are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (telemedicine) will be based on real physiological data from t
12、he actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using an off-the-shelf PDA (personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patients vital signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment in a first-aid kit,
13、 the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster responseespecially after earthquakes. Overall, the tren
14、d is towards providing global access to medical data and expertise.But there is one problem. Bandwidth is the limiting factor for transmitting complex medical images around the world CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers. Communications satellites may be able to cope with the short-t
15、erm needs during disasters such as earthquakes, wars or famines. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of distributed medical intelligence.Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should usher in an era when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, expert opinion and diagnosis are common.46. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _.47.
