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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题To avoid an oil shortage, we should advocate that more machines must（ ）solar energy in a short time, and this made others astonished.问题1选项A.accelerateB.operateC.generateD.utilize【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Accelerate “加速”；operate “运行”； generate “产生”；Utilize “利用”。句意：为了避免石油不
2、足，我们应该倡导在短时间内机器使用太阳能。这种想法让其他人感到震惊。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题A careful daily reading of the newspaper will （ ）the reader as to what is happening.问题1选项A.acquaintB.adviseC.enlightenD.appreciate【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。acquaint“使了解，使熟知”；advise “劝告”；enlighten “启发，开导”；appreciate “欣赏，赏识”。句意：每天仔细阅读报纸能启发读者，使他们知道正在发生的事情。选项C符合题意
3、。3. 翻译题Translate the following passage into ChineseShe could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someon
4、e was singing reached faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that has met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window. She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite
5、 motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was
6、fixed away on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.【答案】她能够看见屋前广场上树木的树梢在新春的气息中颤动着。空气中弥漫着雨后的清香。街角处一个商贩正在叫卖。远处的歌声隐约传来，无数麻雀在屋檐下叽叽喳喳地叫着。透过窗户往上看，一片片蓝天从云层中穿过，层层叠叠显现出来。她坐着，脑袋向后仰在椅子靠垫上，一动不动，只是喉咙中的抽泣声将她摇了起来，如同一个哭着睡着的孩子在梦中
7、继续抽泣一般。她很年轻，有一张白皙、平静的脸，脸部线条显示出一种压抑甚至是某种力量。但是现在她眼神呆滞，目光正盯着那片蔚蓝的天空。这不是条件反射地一瞥，而是智慧思考的停顿。4. 单选题Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans designers, inventors, and engineers
8、using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thin
9、king, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a tech
10、nologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would he the shape of the combustion ch
11、amber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diamet
12、er, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, n
13、ot the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking, nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic America
14、n Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If co
15、urses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars
16、loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.1.In the text, the au
