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1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Of all the classical composers, Tchaikovsky has been a veritable gold-mine as a（ ）source of themes for popular arrangements.问题1选项A.lucrativeB.ostensibleC.orthodoxD.tentative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lucrative“有利可图的，赚钱的”；B选项ostensible“表面的，假装的”；C选项orthodox“正统的；惯常的”；D
2、选项tentative“不确定的，暂定的；犹豫的”。句意：在所有的古典作曲家中，柴可夫斯基是一个名副其实的金矿，他总是创造出大受市场欢迎的主题作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative与其意思对应。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Once upon a time, people believed staying a healthy weight was easy. To lose weight you simply had to practice the reverse of home economicsspend more than you earned. Unfortunately fo
3、r many, but perhaps not surprisingly, it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.To stay a healthy weight, you need a hormone called lepton to work properly. It sends “Im full” messages from the fat cells up to the brain, where they go, among other places, to the same pl
4、easure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine. Fat people produce plenty of lepton, but the brain doesnt seem to respond to it properly. Last year researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuit（线路）were underactive. They were ea
5、ting more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.Theres a lot of evidence for the fact that most, if not all, of us have a set point around which our weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos, but anything beyond that is a real struggle. Making changes is hard, particularly if your body is
6、 working against you. So why not reject the traditional approaches and try some new method, based on the latest research, that work with your body rather than against it.Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food o
7、ne day and allowed them to eat plenty the next, they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet. The same goes for humans, according to Dr. James Johnson.How does it work? Besides forcing the body to burn fat, it may also cause hormonal changes. Most people say that th
8、e diet takes a bit of getting used to, but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.Older dieters may remember something called brown fat. Unlike the undesirable white stuff; this was a dieters dream. Instead of storing excess energy as fat, brown-fat tissue burned it off to kee
9、p you warmat least in mice. Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldnt find much in humans but now, thanks to the New England journal of Medicine, its back in fashion. The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures. They then make more brown fat and their weight drops.1.The last sent
10、ence in paragraph 1 indicates that peoples understanding of losing weight（ ）.2.According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute,（ ）.3.The method used by the National Institute on Aging can be summarized as “（ ）”.4.The word “grinding” in the paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to（ ）.5.It can
11、be learned that brown fat（ ）.问题1选项A.is unnecessarily complicatedB.seems rather unreasonableC.used to be limitedD.can be partly justified问题2选项A.Overweight people got less pleasure from eating the same amountB.Overweight people enjoyed eating more than the others doC.People will become overweight if t
12、hey eat more than they needD.People are more likely to be overweight if they produce less lepton问题3选项A.No diet at allB.Diet on a daily basisC.Diet every other dayD.Diet permanently问题4选项A.EffectiveB.RealisticC.UnreliableD.Miserable问题5选项A.converts excess energy into fatB.accumulates easily in human bo
13、diesC.works better in warm temperaturesD.burns extra energy to produce heat【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。第一段说到“Once upon a time, people believed staying a healthy weight was easy.（从前，人们认为保持健康的体重很容易。）”；“Unfortunately for many, but perhaps not surprisingly, it turns out that people are rath
14、er more complicated than bank accounts.（不幸的是，对许多人来说，事实证明人比银行账户复杂得多，但这也许并不令人意外。）”，由这两句可以看出以前人们对减肥的概念很片面、有限，殊不知人体机能是很复杂的，所以最后一句话表明了人们对减肥的理解是很有限的，A选项“复杂难懂的”；B选项“似乎是相当不合理的”；D选项“部分可以被证明的”都不符合段意，因此C选项“过去是有限的”正确。2.事实细节题。the Oregon Research Institute的研究出现在第二段，原文“Last year researchers at the Oregon Research
15、Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuit（线路） were underactive. They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.（去年俄勒冈州研究所研究人员扫描超重的人，发现他们的大脑奖赏回路（线路）是不够的。他们吃得更多，试图获得他们错过的乐趣。）”的意思是胖的人和其他人吃同等数量的食物时，他们获得的乐趣会比其他人少，因为他们大脑中的奖赏回路不如其他人，因此会吃更多来试图获得乐趣。B选项“超重的人比其他人吃得更多”；C选项“如果人们吃得比需要的多，他们就会超重”；D选项“如果产生的瘦素较少，人们更有可能超重”都不是该研究的内容，因此A选项“超重的人在吃同样数量的食物时得到的快乐较少”正确。3.推理判断题。the National Institute on Aging的研究出现在第四段，原文说到“when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next, they showed virtually all the benefits of
