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1、淮北师范大学信息学院2014届学士学位论文德伯家的苔丝中苔丝悲剧成因分析系别：外语系专业：英语学号：20101843021姓名：指导教师：张立友指导教师职称：讲师2014 年 5 月 15 日Information College, Huaibei Normal UniversityA Study on the Causes of TessTragedy inTess of the DUrbervillesbyUnderthe Supervision ofLecturer Zhang LiyouSubmitted to the Foreign Language Department in Pa
2、rtialFulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor ofArtsinEnglish Language and LiteratureHuaibei, P. R. ChinaMay, 2014淮北师范大学信息学院本科生毕业论文（设计）诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺所呈交的毕业论文（设计）德伯家的苔丝 中苔丝悲剧成因分析，是在指导教师张立友 的指导下 严格按照学校和学院有关规定完成的。本人在毕业论文（设计） 中引用他人的观点和参考资料均加以注释和说明。本人承诺在毕 业论文（设计）选题和研究内容过程中没有抄袭他人的研究成果 和伪造相关
3、数据等行为，若有抄袭行为，由本人承担一切责任。承诺人： 2010 年级 英语 专业签 名：2014 年 6 月 6 日AbstractTess of the D Urbervilles is regarded as a masterpiece of Thomas Hardy, one of the greatest English novelists and poetrys.In this novel, Hardy exposes the hypocritical social morals and capitalisms destruction to country civilization
4、, after the capitalism invading the British villages in Victorian age.The thesis intends to analysis the causes of Tess tragedy from three perspectives: firstly, it analyses that Tess tragedy is a reflection of Hardy s fatalism. He arranged a series of coincidences to reflect his fatalism, and this
5、implies that Tess tragedy is inevitable; secondly, it analyses the social factors influence on Tess tragic fate. The capitalism invasion leads to the plight of the poor peasants and the hypocritical traditional morals lead to her tragedy; and thirdly, it analyses her lackness of Tess character, her
6、comprise, too high sense of responsibility for her family and innocence,sincerity,all these cause her tragedy, and her conservative moral values is also one cause of the tragedy.Through analyzing Tess tragedy from the three perspectives of fatalism, social factors and her character, the thesis revea
7、ls woman s real emotion and tragic fate after the British countryside has been invaded by the capitalism in Victorian age.Key Words : Thomas Hardy, Tragedy, Causes, Tess摘要德伯家的苔丝是19世纪英国伟大的小说家、诗人托马斯哈代的代表 作。在这篇小说中，哈代通过描写农村姑娘苔丝的悲惨命运，揭示了维多利亚时 代虚伪的社会道德观和资本主义对于乡村文明的破坏。这篇论文从三个方面分析苔丝悲剧的成因，首先分析了苔丝的悲惨命运是哈 代宿命论
8、的体现，哈代安排了一系列的巧合事件来体现他的宿命论，揭示了苔丝 的悲剧的不可避免性;其次分析了苔丝悲剧的社会因素，资本主义入侵英国农村， 导致农民们生活贫困，以及传统的社会道德观导致了苔丝的悲惨命运；论文最后 分析了苔丝的性格缺陷，苔丝的妥协，以及她对家庭过高的责任心，天真、幼稚 的性格导致了苔丝的悲惨命运。论文通过哈代的宿命论，社会因素，苔丝性格三个方面分析苔丝悲惨命运 的成因，揭示了维多利亚时期的资本主义入侵后，农村女性的真实情感和悲剧命关键词：托马斯哈代；悲剧；成因；苔丝ContentsAbstractIChapter One Introduction1Chapter Two Hardy
9、s Fatalism in Tess Tragedy3I. The Formation of Hardys Fatalism3II. Hardys Fatalism Reflected in Tess Tragedy4Chapter Three The Social Factors to Tess Tragedy6I. The Invasion of Capitalism6II.The Social Morality and Its Influences on Tess7A. The Hypocritical Social Morality7B. The Influences of Moral
10、ism on Tess8Chapter Four Tess CharacterLeading to Her Tragedy10I.Tess Compromise10II.Tess Conservative Moral Values11III. Tess High Sense of Responsibility for Her Family12IV. Tess Innocence and Sincerity12Chapter Five Conclusion14Works Cited15Chapter One IntroductionThomas Hardy (1840-1928), “is la
11、st one of the greatest of Victorian novelists. He was born in the center of the Wessex which later figured in his works.”(吴伟仁 312).He started writing long novels at the beginning of 1870 when the British capitalism had invaded the villages. He is a cold, serious realistic writer, as to the responsib
12、ility, he devoted to the thought of religion,ethics,life,society,love,marriage and many other problems in his novels. Hardys novels have been divided into three categories and one kind is novel of character and environment, this kind of novel mainly reflects the relationship between characters and s
13、ociety . It is great and represents the highest achievement of Hardys realism novels . ” His novels set against the bleak and forbidding Dorset landscape, whose physical harshness echoes that of an indifferent, if not malolent,universe. ”(赵文薇 柏云彩 125).His literature career began with poetry, but did
14、 not have chances to publish and started creating novels. His first long novel was published in 1871, the celebrated work his fourth novel Far From Madding Crowd in 1874, and from then on, he devoted himself to the novel creation. There were 20 long novels in Hardy s early life, the most famous nove
15、ls are Tess of the DUrbervilles (1891), Jude the Obscure (1895), The Mayor of Cascetbridge (1901). His works exposed the change of the social economy, political, morality and tradition.When the hypocritical invaded the countries in England, especially reflected womens miserable life and hypocritical
16、 morals in Victorian age.In the novel Tess of the DUrbervilles, the author focuses on the tragic experience of its heroine Tess, a beautiful, brave and innocent peasant girl who lives in a poor family, however, she leads a happy life. One day, her father learns that he is a descendant of a prosperous
