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1、非谓语动词(-ed)。语动W称和数的限制名词子中不现充分谓语，但与过去分词 子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。形式对比项目动词不定式 (to do)动名词(doing)现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)意义相当于名词、形 容词、副词，往 往有将来意味相当于名词，指经常性、 习惯性的动作相当于形容词、副词， 往往有现在意味相当于形容词、副词，本身 兼有被动、完成意义充当句子成分主语、宾语、表 语、宾补、定语、 状语主语、宾语、表语、定 语表语、宾补、定语、状 语表语、宾补、定语、状语形式主动一般式to dodoingdoingdone被动式to be donebeing donebe
2、ing done主动完成式to have donehaving donehaving done被动完成式to have been donehaving been donehaving been done否定式在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not动词-ing形式的要点1-ing 的形式2.-ing形式的基本用法作主语：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(2)作表语： Her job is washing and cooking.作宾语：作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much. 作某些短语动词的宾语。Mary is thinking of go
3、ing back to New York. do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+v-ing,表示 “做事”之 如 do some cleaning 打扫卫生 do some shopping 购物 作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics. 作形容词 worth, busy 等的宾语：This book is well worth reading.只接动词ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有:admit承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免put off推迟keep 保持consider 考虑 delay/ po
4、stpone耽搁dislike嫌恶 resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind 介意fancy 想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest建议miss逃过 imagine 想象 cant help 情不自禁involve需要cant stand 无法忍受 understand 理解常见的带介词 to 的短语:be used to 习惯 be related to与有关 get down to 着手做contribute to 贡
5、献 put ones mind to 全神贯注于give rise to 引起be equal to 胜任 devote oneself to 献身于 lead to 导致 be opposed to 反对look forward to 盼望object to 反对 stick to 坚持 payattention to 注意(4) 作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(5) 作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有 see, watch, hea
6、r, observe, feel, find, have, keep 等。作状语：时间状语:Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother.分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加 when 或 while，如： When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因状语： Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 方式或伴随状语： Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.3. 主动语态-ing完成式的基本用
7、法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动 作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因 状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行 者，如： Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4. 被动语态-ing 般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing 般式所表示的动 作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语 所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如： The truck being repaired there is ours.5. 被动语态-ing完成
8、式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。 如： Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6. -ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种 结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health7.分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的
9、分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museumThe meeting being over, they all left the roomGiven more time, we could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to d
10、inner.8 with + 复合宾语结构Dont speak with your（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词mouth full2)with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词The square looks morebeautiful than ever with the lights on3)with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语He was asleep with his headon his arms（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing 分词 She felt very nervous with so many people looking at herW
11、ith the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式With five minutes to gobefore the last train left, we arrived here.（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en 分词 With his matter settled, we left the room.【2012 全国卷 II】10. Tony lent me the money,that Id do as muchfor him.A. hoping B. t
12、o hope C. hoped D. having hoped【答案】 A【2012 重庆】 23. to work overtime that evening, I missed awonderful film.A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【答案】 A【答案】 A【2012 全国】 28. The party will be held in the garden, weather.A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit【答案】 A【2012 北京
13、】 23. One learns a language by making mistakes and them.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD.correcting【答案】D【 2012 福建】 34. Pressed from his parents, and that he haswasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized【答案】 A【 201
14、2 陕西】 15. in a long queue, we waited for the store toopen to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand【答案】 A【 2012湖南】31. The lecture, at 7:00 pm last night, was followedby an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being starting C. to startD. to be started【答案】 A【 2012 天
15、津】 11. He got up late and hurried to his office, thebreakfast untouched.A. left B. to leaveC. leavingD. having left【答案】 C【2012 辽宁】25. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog .A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows【答案】B【 2012 四川】 8. I looked up and noticed a snake its way up thetree to ca
