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1、2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Sign systems in general are _: iconic or conventional.问题1选项A.two typesB.of two typesC.the two typesD.of the two types【答案】B【解析】考查语法。“be of +名词”可用来说明句子主语在度量，大小，颜色，类别等方面的特征，这类名词有age, size, height, weight, shape, type, kind等，排除A项和C项，D项多了定冠词the,因此B项符合题意。句意：符号系统一般
2、有两种类型：标志性的或传统的。因此B项正确。2. 单选题_ map that dated back to about 3,000 B.C.问题1选项A.The oldest knownB.It w as the oldest knownC.Known as the oldestD.Known to be the oldest【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。根据句子结构可知此处缺少主语。It做主语，was是谓语动词，the oldest known map是表语，dated back to about 3000 B.C. 做map的后置定语。句意：这是已知最古老的地图，大约可以追溯到公元前300
3、0年。因此只有B项正确。3. 单选题Although the legal systems of England and the Unite States are superficially similar, they differ profoundly in their approaches to and uses of legal reasons: substantive reasons are more common than formal reasons in the United States, whereas in England the reverse is true. This
4、distinction reflects a difference in the visions of law that prevail in the two countries. In England the law has traditionally been viewed as a system of rules; the United States favors a vision of law as an outward expression of the communitys sense of right and justice.Substantive reasons, as app
5、lied to law, are based on moral, economic, political, and other considerations. These reasons are found both “in the law” and “outside the law,” so to speak. Substantive reasons inform the content of a large part of the law: constitutions, statutes, contracts, verdicts, and the like. Consider, for e
6、xample, a statute providing that “no vehicles shall be taken into public parks.” Suppose that no specific rationales or purposes were explicitly written into this statute, but that it was clear (from its legislative history) that the substantive purpose of the statute was to ensure quiet and safety
7、in the park. Now suppose that a veterans group mounts a World War II jeep (in running order but without a battery) as a war memorial on a concrete slab in the park, and charges are brought against its members. Most judges in the United States would find the defendants not guilty because what they di
8、d had no adverse effect on park quiet and safety.Formal reasons are different in that they frequently prevent substantive reasons from coming into play, even when substantive reasons are explicitly incorporated into the law at hand. For example, when a document fails to comply with stipulated requir
9、ements, the court may render the document legally ineffective. A will requiring written witness may be declared null and void and, therefore, unenforceable for the formal reason that the requirement was not observed. Once the legal rulethat a will is invalid for lack of proper witnessinghas been cle
10、arly established, and the legality of the rule is not in question, application of that rule precludes from consideration substantive arguments in favor of the wills validity or enforcement.Legal scholars in England and the United States have long bemused themselves with extreme examples of formal an
11、d substantive reasoning. On the one hand, formal reasoning in England has led to wooden interpretations of statutes and unwillingness to develop the common law through judicial activism. On the other hand, freewheeling substantive reasoning in the United States has resulted in statutory interpretati
12、ons so liberal that the texts of some statutes have been ignored altogether.51. Which one of the following best describes the content of the passage as a whole?52. It can be inferred from the passage that English judges would be likely to find the veterans group discussed in the second paragraph gui
13、lty of violating the statute because _.53. Which one of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph of the passage?54. The author of the passage suggests that in English law a substantive interpretation of a legal rule might be warranted under which one of the following circumsta
14、nces?55. According to the passage, which one of the following statements about substantive reasons is true?问题1选项A.An analysis of similarities and differences between the legal systems of England and the United States.B.A contrast between the types of reasons embodied in the United States and English
15、 legal systems.C.An explanation of how two distinct visions of the law shaped the development of legal atoning.D.A presentation of two types of legal reasons that shows the characteristics they have in common.问题2选项A.not to do so would encourage others to act as the group didB.the veterans failed to
16、demonstrate that their activities had no adverse effect on the publicC.the veterans failed to comply with the stipulated requirements of the statuteD.the veterans failed to comply with the substantive purpose of the statute问题3选项A.It presents the consequences of extreme interpretations of the two types of lega
