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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The （ ） effects of the spa were evident in her rosy cheeks and bouncy steps.问题1选项A.abortiveB.waggishC.salubriousD.portentous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项abortive“失败的；流产的；堕胎的”；B选项waggish“爱开玩笑的；滑稽的”；C选项salubrious“清爽的；有益健康的”；D选项portentous“不祥的；预兆的；令人惊讶的”。句意：水疗有益健康的效果在她红润的脸
2、颊和轻快的步伐上明显地表现了出来。由句意可知C选项正确。2. 单选题The girl had an（ ）manner which made her very popular at school.问题1选项A.insoutiantB.insouciantC.insousantD.insuciant【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。B选项insouciant“漫不经心的，漠不关心的；无忧无虑的”；A，C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意：这个女孩有着无忧无虑的举止，这让她在学校很受欢迎。结合句意，B选项正确。3. 单选题Eighteen is the（ ）voting age in our cou
3、ntry.问题1选项A.minimalB.minimumC.minuteD.miniature【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项minimal“极小的；极少的”；B选项minimum“最小的；最低的”；C选项minute“微小的，详细的”；D选项miniature“微型的，小规模的”。句意：18岁在我们的国家是最小的投票年龄。结合句意可知B选项正确。4. 单选题The childrens hysterical crying（ ）the woman doctor from completing the examination.问题1选项A.forbadeB.refrainedC.hin
4、deredD.restricted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项forbid“禁止；不允许”；B选项refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C选项hinder“阻止；打扰”；D选项restrict“限制；约束”。句意：这些孩子们歇斯底里的哭泣阻止这位女医生完成这个检查。结合句意判断出选项C正确。5. 翻译题Passage OneNone of the much flaunted appeals of cigarette advertisers, such as superior taste and mildness, induces us to become smokers or to
5、 choose one brand in preference to another. Despite the emphasis put on such qualities by advertisers, they are minor considerations. This is one of the first facts we discovered when we asked several hundred people from all walks of life, why they liked to smoke cigarettes. Smoking is as much a psy
6、chological pleasure as it is a physiological satisfaction.What is the nature of this psychological pleasure? It can be traced to the universal desire for self-expression. (2) None of us ever completely outgrows our childhood. We are constantly hunting for the carefree enjoyment we knew as children.
7、As we grew older, we had to subordinate our pleasures to work and to the necessity for unceasing effort. Smoking, for many of us, then, became a substitute for our early habit of following the whims of the moment; it becomes a legitimate excuse for interrupting work and snatching a moment of pleasur
8、e.Most of us are hungry for rewards. We want to be patted on the back. A cigarette is a reward that we can give ourselves as often as we wish. When we have done anything well, for instance, we can congratulate ourselves with a cigarette, which certifies, in effect, that we have been “good boys.”Pass
9、age Two(3) There is increasing media coverage surrounding carbon footprints. Businesses are facing mounting stakeholder pressure to show their commitment to measuring and reducing carbon emissions. As awareness amongst consumers is growing, organizations are being asked to report on the activities t
10、hey are undertaking to reduce their carbon footprint. Until recently, most carbon offsets were commonly done by planting trees.Yet how effective are new trees in offsetting the carbon footprint? A new study suggests that the location of the new trees is an important factor when considering such carb
11、on offset projects. (4) Planting and preserving forests in the tropics is more likely to slow down global warming. But the study concludes that planting new trees in certain parts of the planet may actually warm the Earth. The new study, which combines climate and carbon-cycle effects of large-scale
12、 deforestation in a fully interactive three-dimensional climate-carbon model, confirms that planting more tropical rainforests could help slow global warming worldwide.The research, led by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory atmospheric scientist Govindasamy Bala, appears in the April 9-13 online
13、 edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.According to the study, new forests in mid-to high-latitude locations could actually create a net warming. Specifically, more trees in mid-latitude locations like the United States and most of Europe would only create marginal benefits
14、from a climate perspective. But those extra trees in the boreal forests of Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia could actually be counterproductive, Bala said.Forests affect climate in three different ways: they absorb the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and help keep the planet cool; t
15、hey evaporate water to the atmosphere and increase cloudiness, which also helps keep the planet cool; and they are dark and absorb sunlight (the albedo effect), warming the Earth. Previous climate change mitigation strategies that promote planting trees have taken only the first effect into account.“Our study shows that only tropical rainforests are strongly beneficial in helping slow down global warming,” Bala said. “It is a win-win situation in the tropics because trees in the tropics, in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide, promote convective clouds that help to cool the planet. In oth
