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1、形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1分类:形容词和副词有 原级、比较级 和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上 er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加 er,est :b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est:c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est:(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加 more / most.特别提醒:以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。女口: healthy, funny, busy, hung
2、ry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow 等。特别提醒:以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,女口 unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-un tidiest特别提醒:以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加more, most原级比较级最咼级slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyan grilymore an grilymost an grilysoftlymore
3、softlymost softlyn oisilymore n oisilymost no isily特别提醒:由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如 knowknown)只 能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。原级比较级最咼级in teresti ngmore in teresti ngmost i nterest ingexcitedmore excitedmost excit ingtiredmore tiredmost tiredboringmore bori ngmost bori ng3、不规则变化原级比较级最咼级good好的better更好的bes
4、t最好的well好;(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的;更most最多的;最much许多的(不可数);非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的;远地farther更远的;更远地farthest最远的;最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法:(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是:主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very
5、/too/so/quite/rather + 形容词/畐U词原级 + 如:He is very old now.(他现在很老了)/ They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快)/The weather looks rather ba (天气看上去相当糟 )/ I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐) 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型:主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词 + as +形容词/副词原级 + as +第二个人物+.如:He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋 )/Lily rode her bike as slo
6、wly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+ as / so +形容词/副词原级 + as +第二个人物+.女口: He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋 )/Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as a n old lady .(莉莉骑车不像老太
7、太那样慢 )/ They didn t pick so / amany apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果不如农民多 )(2)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型:主语( A谓语动词 +(much/a little/even/still)+ 形容词/副词比较级 +than+第二个人物 B、)+ .如:A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)/This book didn t cost more than that one .(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)讲述两者有差
8、异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是:主语( A+ )谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级+ than +第二个人物( B+.如:I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难 ”Do you th ink it less important to learn a foreig n Ian guage?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗?)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是:主语(sb./sth) +谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of.如:The Changj
9、iang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流 )/ He jumped (the)highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)5、关于比较等级的重要注释:1、以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词;如果后面是连系动词,则后面用 形容词。女口: This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最 快的” This car runs (the) fastest of the four.( 副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)2、比较级 +an
10、d+比较级表示越来越”。如:The weather is getting warmer andwarmer.(天越来越温暖了)3、the+比较级 ,the+比较级 表示 越就越”。如:The more trees we plant.the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好 ” The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)4、 一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still ,而表示数量的more之前还可以力口 some/ any/ no/ one
11、/ two/ many/ several/ a lot 等词。如:It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了 ” Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗? )/He did not eat any more .(他没有再吃)5、 more than / less than分别可以理解为 多于/少于”相当于副词,more than=over; less tha n=u nder .如:I lived in New York for more than four mon ths.(我在纽约生活了四个多月
12、)6、 one of the +最高级+名词(复数)整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如:One ofthe oldest houses has been burnt in a fire .(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)7、 Which / Who +动词+形/副,口,口 or句型甲,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三 个选项,形/副用最高级。如:Who has more books,Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多? )/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant ?(猪、马、象哪个最
13、重?)&上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the ;含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如:-Do you like the smaller one? Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗? 一个都不喜欢”-Which do you like best?-Ml of them!(你最喜欢哪个?全部。 ) 形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项比较应在同类事物之间进行。误: Your English is better than me.正: Your English
14、 is better than mine.比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,最常见的三大修饰词是:a little, much, even 。以下单词也可用来修饰: any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather 。My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours.另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。I m three years older than he.特别提醒: very, quite, too 不可修饰比较级。避免重复使用比较级。误: He is more k
15、inder to small animals than I.正: He is much kinder to small animals than I.误: He is more cleverer than his brother.正: He is cleverer than his brother.比较要符合逻辑, 在同一范围内比较时, 避免将主语含在比较对象中, 这时需使用 other 来排除自身。误: China is larger that any country in Asia.正: China is larger than any other country in Asia.误: John studies harder than any student in his class.正: John studies harder than any other student in his class.正: John studies