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1、初中英语语法专项习题 一、名词（n.） 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词（一）名词的分类名词分为普通名词专有名词：表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States,China，UFO其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy,desk,cat,window）集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,police）不可数名词包括物质名词,表示无法分为个体的实物。如:air,bagg
2、age,bread,butter,clothing,furniture,glass,grass,ice,money,paper,sugar,soap,rice,water,silk抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：advice，behaviour,dust,fun,homework,luck,news,trouble,weather,work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework）（二）名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：（1）一般情况下,在词尾加s.eg.bookbooks,dogdogs,pen
3、pens,boyboys以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为s，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为z。（2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.eg.beachbeaches,brushbrushes,busbuses,boxboxes（es读音为iz（3）以“辅音字母y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.eg.citycities,familyfamilies,documentarydocumentaries,countrycountries,strawberrystrawberries（ies读音为iz）（注：以“元音字母(a e i o u)+y”结尾的词，直接在词尾加
4、-s.eg.boys,holidays,days）（4）以o结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下：,黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿. negro negroes， heroheroes ，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes，结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoozoos,radioradios某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. pianopianos一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s,eg.photo（photograph）photos,kilo（kilogram）kilos zero变复数时，既可加s,也可加 eg.zeroszeroes（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或
5、fe变为v,再加es.eg.wifewives,leaf leaves,halfhalves,knifeknives,thiefthieves（res读音为vz（注意：roof的复数为roofs； scarf的复数为scarfsscarves）（6）有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字eg.manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen, footfeet, toothteeth, childchildren,mousemice,OxOxen（公牛）（7）还有一些
6、名词的单数和复数形式相同。eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish（8）另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors另外,当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。eg.two men teachers,three women doctors
7、可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的“量”的表示方式如下。（1）表不定数量时,一般用much,（a）little,a lot oflots of,some,any等词修饰。eg,much money,a little bread（2）表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：twothree+量词复数十of+不可数名词。eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water,a p
8、ear of shoes,a piece of paper3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。eg： fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物foods各种食品；fish鱼fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒； cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布； sand沙sands沙滩； tea茶a tea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁an orange橘子； glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜； paper纸a paper试卷、论文；wood木头a wood小森林；
9、room空间、余地a room房间（三）名词的所有格（表示人或物的所属关系）（1）有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s.eg.Mikes watch；Womens Day以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加。eg.teachersoffice,studentsrooms两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s.eg.Tom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间（表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房）两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s.eg.Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽
10、和詹妮的自行车（表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车）（2）无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构eg.a map Of China,the beginning Of this game,the door Of the room（3）特殊形式可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格eg.the boys name=the name Of the boy（男孩的名字）the dogs legs=the legs of the dog（狗的腿）Chinas population=the population Of China（中国的人口）Chinas capital=the capital of China（中国的首
11、都）双重所有格eg.a fiend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友a picture of Toms 汤姆的一张图片（照片上是Tom）a picture of Tom 汤姆的一张图片（照片上并非Tom）6练习题1.( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, p
12、lease?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used B. C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6
13、 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five_.A.tomatosB. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato2( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A.some advices B.s
14、omeadvice C.an adviceD.a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a3( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles
15、 of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( ) 4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glass
