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1、2022-2023年考博英语-中国科学技术大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally
2、share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transfor
3、mers heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom they serve? Wha
4、t are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?【答案】【参考译文】就像大多数我的同龄人一样，我也有英雄崇拜的弱点。然而，在某些时候，我们都开始质疑
5、我们的英雄，以及我们究竟是否需要他们。这让我们不禁发问：什么是英雄？尽管文化差异巨大，但世界各地的英雄通常都有一些共同的特点，那就是他们可以指导和激励人们。英雄总会做一些值得谈论的事。英雄有要讲出来的冒险故事，有愿意倾听的团体。但英雄不仅仅是一个名号。英雄服务于比自己更强大的力量或原则。就像高压变压器一样，英雄将更高的能量向下拉，于是普通人就可以使用。英雄的生活值得模仿。那些模仿真正英雄的人会以新的深度、热情和意义体验生活。对于想要成为英雄的人，需要问为什么或为谁服务？愿意为什么而生，为什么而死？如果答案或证据表明他们只为自己的名声服务，他们可能是名人，但不是英雄。麦当娜和迈克尔杰克逊都很有名
6、，但谁会说他们的粉丝因此而发现自己的生活更加丰盛呢？2. 单选题An anonymous letter _ police to the possibility of a terrorist attack at the airport.问题1选项A.imposedB.alertedC.warnedD.informed【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. imposed 使（别人）接受自己的意见 B. alerted 向报警，使警惕，使戒备（警告某人危险或紧急情况）C. warned 提醒注意（可能发生的事），使警惕（以便于避免某事，尤指可能发生的危险或不愉快的事情） D. informed 知会，
7、通知（尤指以官方的方式告诉某人某事）【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】横线处和police构成动宾搭配关系，指的是有人匿名向警察报警，说可能会有人袭击机场，alerted符合语境，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合语境。【句意】一封匿名信提醒警方注意机场可能会发生恐怖袭击。3. 单选题According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated fr
8、om molten granite like bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerab
9、le practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earths surface and were found because they had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still lead to an occasional
10、 discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression.The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of
11、aerial images that yield a broad geological overview; geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated; and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization.
12、However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground s
13、election relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors.These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify t
14、hose geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible.1. The author is primarily concerned with _.2. According to the passage, the widely held view of A
15、rchean-age gold-quartz vein systems is that such systems _.3. The passage implies that which of the following steps would be the first performed by explorers who wish to maximize their chances of discovering gold?4. Which of the following statements about discoveries of gold deposits is supported by
16、 information in the passage?问题1选项A.advocating a return to an older methodologyB.explaining the importance of a recent theoryC.enumerating differences between two widely used methodsD.describing events leading to a discovery问题2选项A.were formed from metamorphic fluidsB.originated in molten granite like bodiesC.were form
