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1、2013届高三复习专题讲解【考纲解读】名词性从句是复合句的一种，前几年高考主要考查宾语从句中用陈述语序以及连接词的选择等问题；近几年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活，往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查，对名词性从句的考查主要有语序问题、时态的呼应问题和连接词的选择。在单项选择题中，近几年题干语境越来越丰富，句子结构也越来越复杂，其中名词性从句所引起的句子结构的复杂化占了较大比例，命题人侧重于对复杂句子结构的考查，是因为能否分析复杂句子结构是掌握英语语言的重要能力之一，所以我们可以断言，以后的高考题对名词性从句的考查还会倍加青睐。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能
2、相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的 呼应等Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 从属连词： that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分
3、 连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever. （作主、宾、表、补） 连接副词: when, where, how, why, however, wherever（状）一、 主语从句（一）、主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。1That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided.
4、 = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略 (注: if不可用来引导主语从句）When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) Whoever leaves the room last should close the door. Whatever we do must be in the interests of the
5、 people.3.常见的it作形式主语的结构1）It is a fact that he won the match.2）It is necessary that we do study the English.3）It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.4）It seemed that he would come here基本句型结构以及常用词语It is + 名词 + that从句 It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/good news/thatIt is + 形容词 + th
6、at从句 It is necessary/strange/important/possible/likely/that这类主语从句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形It is + 过去分词 + that从句 It is said/reported/decided/known/thatIt + 不及物动词 + that从句 It seemed/happened/doesntmatter/has turned out/that4、（二）、it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一
7、部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window. （三）.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。如：
8、What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天说的是对的。特别提示1）、if不能引导主语从句。2）、连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。who the letter was from is still unknown这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3）连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces
9、and relieves pain is unclear针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。三、宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语1)由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,如：I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。2)由what，whether (if)引导的宾语从句，如：She did not know what h
10、ad happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她跟我说她愿意接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们的合作情况。3.作形容词的宾语，如：I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯错了。that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious，aware，certain，
11、confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句看作原因状语从句。4.it 可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而把真正的宾语that 从句放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说她打算下个月结婚。(1)动
12、词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries我每天写日记成了惯例。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to
13、表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。5.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主
14、句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）6宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?7宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday
15、她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher t
