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1、2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Since the 1970s, the safety of athletic equipment has been monitored by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment.问题1选项A.regulatedB.advocatedC.recalledD.supervised【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。monitor表示“监控”；A项regulate“调节，规定，控制”，B项advocate“提倡，拥护，为辩
2、护”，C项recall“召回，回想起，记起”，D项supervise“监督，管理，指导”。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，运动器材的安全一直受到国家运动器材标准运行委员会的监控。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。2. 单选题Weve made tentative plans for a holiday but havent decided anything yet.问题1选项A.temporaryB.detailedC.purposelyD.refreshing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。tentative表示“试验性的，暂定的，踌躇的”；A项temporary“暂时的，临时的”，B项deta
3、iled“详细的，精细的”，C项purposely“故意地”，D项refreshing“提神的，使清爽的，使人重新振作的”。句意：我们暂定了一个度假计划，但还没有决定任何事情。根据句意可知，tentative在句中表示“暂定的”，A项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择A项正确。3. 单选题Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal pointsperiods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear an
4、d firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studie
5、s. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have give wa
6、y to the question “why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when
7、they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho historians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians hav
8、e always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore ass
9、essable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanatio
10、n of any event and that other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in
11、which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determination that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the part
12、icularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.17. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?18. It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which
13、traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually _.19. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?20. The author of the passage puts the word “deepest” in Para.3 in quotation marks most probably in order to _.问题1选项A.
14、The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical methodB.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.C.History is composed of unique and non-repea
15、ting events that must be individually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidenceD.The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life问题2选项A.relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain histor
16、ical eventsB.interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcendedC.views past events as complex and having their own individualityD.turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events问题3选项A.What are some specific examples of the use of psychohistory in
