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1、感叹句一、定义：表达欢喜、悲伤、惊讶等感情的句子称为感叹句。一般以疑问 词what或how起始，而以惊叹号终结。二、感叹句通常有以下形式：（一）由感叹词what引导的感叹句：what意为哆么用作定语，修饰 名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或 不可数名词前不用冠词。1. What修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：What+a（an）+ （形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！What+名词词组+主语+谓语！女如：（ 1）What an apple this is!（2）What a fine day it is!2. What+（形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数
2、名词+主语+谓语！女如：（ 1）What beautiful flowers they are!这些花多么漂亮呀！（2）What nice music it is!注意：在感叹句中，What a / an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形 容词为元音开头，则用an。what是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。 但有些不可数名词，如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch等，当前面有形容词 修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用what a / an，如：（1） What a heavy rain it is!多大的一场雨啊！（2）What a great surprise
3、it is!这多么令人惊奇啊！（3）What a rich breakfast it is!多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！（二）由How引导的感叹句。How用来修饰形容词、副词或动词o how意为多么”，用作状语，修 饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系 动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，其结构是：How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语！How+形容词 + a an +名词+S+V. !女如：(1) How clever the girl is!(2) How quickly the boy is writing!(3) How kind a man he
4、 is!他这个人真好！注意：当how修饰动词时，“how+主语+动词”构成，动词不跟着感叹 词提到主语之前。E.g. (1) How I missed you！我多么想念你啊！ (2) How youve changed!你的变化真大！(三)what与how引导的感叹句，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词， 副词或动词。一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。女口： (1) What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is!(2) What a beautiful building it is!=How beautifu
5、l the building is! 三、练习：()1.a nice watch it is!(1998 山东)A. How B. What C. What a D. How a()2.bright girls they are!(1998 浙江)A. What B. What aC. HowD. How a()3.interesting the film is!(1998 湖北)A. What B. What anC. How D. How a()4.sunny day! Lets go out for a walk.(1999 江西)A. How aB. HowC. What aD. Wh
6、at()5.hard work it is!(1999 浙江)A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an()6.day it is! Its rainy again. (1999 江西)A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine()7.great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999 上海)A. How aB. What aC. How()8.expensive trousers!(1999 浙江)A. WhatB. What aC. How()9.girl she is!(1998 河北)A. What bright
7、 aB. How a brightC. How bright aD. What bright()10.weather we have today!(1983 上海)A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine()11.careless he is!(1986 吉林)D. What a fineD. WhatD. What anD. How muchA. WhatB. How C. So muchA.What;such a B.How; such a C.What an;such a D what; so a ()17.! You sho
8、uld take this chance to attend it.A. How important conference is itB. How an important conference it isC. What an important conference is itD. What an important conference it is()18.for us to surf(冲 浪)on the sea in summer!A.What exciting is itB.How exciting is itC.What exciting it isD.How exciting i
9、t is()19.he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!A.What a good advice B.How a good advice()12.from Beijing to London!(1993 黑龙江)A. How long way it isB. What a long way is itC. How long way is itD. What a long way it is()13. Oh, John,you gave us!(1990 内蒙古)A. How a pleasant surprise
10、B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surpriseD.What pleasant surprise()14.Which is true?A How tall the buildings are!B What tall the buildings are!C How tall buildings they are!D what a tall buildings they are!()15.fun it is to play computer games when were free.A.What a B.WhatC.How aD.How()16
11、.exciting news! Weve never hadlong vacation before.C.What good advice D.How good advice祈使句一、定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句, 祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。二、祈使句的形式：肯定结构：1. Do型（即:动词原形（+宾语）+其它成分）。如:Please have a seat here. 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。女 口:This way, please. = Go this way, please.2. Be型（即:Be +表语（名
12、词或形容词）+其它成分）。如口:Be a good boy!3. Let型（即:Let +宾语+动词原形+其它成分）。Let+第一人称（me, us）.Let+第三人称代词（宾格：him, her, it, them）或名词.女口：（1） Let me help you.（2） Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.否定结构：1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。女口： （1） Dont forget me!（2） Dont be late for school!2. Let型的否定式有两种:如果宾语是第三人称用D
13、ont let.”；如果宾语是 第一人称，贝I用Let.not“Dont + let +宾语+动词原形+其它成分”“Let +宾语+ not +动词原形+其它成分”。女口： （1） Dont let this type of things happen again.（2） Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain.3. 有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking!三、祈使句的反意疑问句：a, Lets表示说话人向对方提出建议，此时包含听话者在内，所以简短问 句的主语用 we表示，问句用shall we或s
14、hant we女口： Lets have a cup of tea,shall we (shant we) ?b. Let me或Let us表示听话人提出请求，此时不包含听话者在内，问句 用 will you 或 wont you .E. g. Let me have a rest,will you (wont you )c .其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句，通常用will you/wonyou.女口： (l)Have a rest, will you?(2)Stand up, will (wont) you?四、练习：()1 .Her doctor said: “work so hard
15、”A StopB Don tC Can tD No()2. Sandy,to be here at 8 o clockA is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure()3.when you cross the road.A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful()4.him the secret, will you?A Don t tell B Not to tell C Not tellingD No telling()5.in bed. It s bad for your eyes.A Not to readB Don t read()6.Your child. WdA Not to worry aboutC Not worry for()7.They are very tired. Why _C Don t
