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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists. But in the first extensive analysis of the way that fellowships in science are awarded, which is published this week in Nature, Christine Wenneras
2、and Agnes Wold, microbiologists at Gothenburg University, in Sweden, found that these factors matter as much as, if not more than, scientific merit.Peer review, the evaluation (often anonymous) of a piece of scientific work by other scientists in the same field, is central to the way in which scienc
3、e proceeds. Journals use it to help decide whether to publish papers and funding agencies use it when deciding to whom to award grants.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold analyzed the reviews of the 114 applications that the Swedish Medical Research Council received for the 20 postdoctoral fellowships it offe
4、red in 1995. Of the applicants, 46% were women, of the successful recipients, of the awards only 20% were women.In principle, of course, that might reflect their abilities. In practice, other factors seem to be at work.When the council gets a grant application, it is evaluated by five reviewers, on
5、three measures: scientific competence, the proposed methodology and the relevance of the research. Each measure is given a score of between zero and four; each reviewers scores are multiplied together, giving a single score between zero and 64; and finally, the scores from the reviewers are averaged
6、 together, giving the total score.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold identified, after careful analysis, two factors that improved the scores significantly: being male and knowing a reviewer. In fact, the difference was so great that in order to get the same competence score as a man, a woman would need eith
7、er to know someone on the committee or to have published three more papers than the man in Nature or Science. It is often joked that a woman has to be twice as good as a man to do well; Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold found that she would need to be, on average, 2.5 times as good on their measures to be r
8、ated as highly by reviewers. Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a male name.1. What is this passage mainly about?2. What is the other most important factor beside sex that may affect peer review sc
9、ores?3. What does the author suggest by using “supposedly” in the last sentence?4. This piece of writing is most likely _.问题1选项A.Abuses in peer reviewB.Favoritism in granting fellowshipsC.A comparison of male and female scientistsD.Sex discrimination in the science world问题2选项A.ConnectionsB.Publicati
10、on of papers in major science journalsC.Competence of the researcherD.Methods used by the research问题3选项A.It is no longer fashionable for women to write under male names.B.Bias against women still exists today.C.Women today are on an equal footing with men.D.Nowadays women do as well in science as me
11、n.问题4选项A.a news reportB.a research paperC.a lectureD.an argument【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，由题干可以定位到文章第一段，性别本不是评判科学的标准，但这个因素与科学价值同等重要，甚至更重要。D选项“科学世界中的性别歧视”，符合文章的内容大意，文章主要讲的是在科学界的性别歧视，D选项正确。B选项“同行评审中的弊端”，文章虽有提到这个内容，但不是文章的主要内容，因此可排除B选项。C选项“男性和女性科学家的比较”，文章部分内容有提到，但不是文章主要内容，因此C
12、选项可排除。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists（性与联系：这些都不是评判科学的标准，尤其是科学家），虽说如此，但在下文出现了转折，也就是说这两点是会作为评判标准因此可推测影响评判标准除了性别还有联系。A选项“联系”，符合文章内容。A选项正确。B选项“在主要科学期刊上发表论文”，文章说同行评议是为了帮助决定是否发表论文，可排除
13、B选项。C选项“研究人员的能力”，同行评议可能会反映个人能力，能力的高低并不会成为决定性因素，可排除C。D选项“研究采用的方法”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a male name.（在这种情况下，有抱负的女性或许应该回到一
14、个历史悠久但被认为过时的传统，用男性的名字申请），因此可推测，对于女性的歧视，仍然存在。B选项“对妇女的偏见今天仍然存在”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“女性用男性的名字写作已不再时髦”，名字的表面内容并不是作者想表达的，因此A选项可排除。C选项“今天妇女与男子处于平等地位”，妇女和男子不可能处于平等地位，因此C选项可排除。D选项“现在女性在科学领域的表现和男性一样好”，文章所说，妇女要表现得好于男性的2.5倍才可能达到男性的待遇，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干这篇文章最有可能是，通读全文，可以推测这篇文章最有可能为一则新闻报道。A选项“一
15、则新闻报道”正确。B选项“研究论文”，根据文章内容来看，论文需要更严谨，因此可排除B选项。C选项“一堂讲座”，讲座的内容需要更口语化，因此也可排除C选项。D选项“一场辩论赛”，文章没有体现争论，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题The Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearly 40 percent of family care providers now, up from 19 percent in a 1996 study by th
16、e Alzheimers Association. About 17 million men are caring for an adult. Women still provide the bulk of family care, especially intimate tasks like bathing and dressing. Many complain that their brothers are treated like heroes just for showing up. But with smaller families and more women working full-time, many men have no ch
