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1、1完全倒装(1) 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on thewall 等，置于句首时，完全倒装。John ope ned the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。点津 上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。Away they w
2、ent. 他们走了。(2) 表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. 许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。Gone are the days whe n we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。2部分倒装(1) only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.( 摘自 2011 湖南高考 )
3、直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。(2) 否定副词 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely 及表否定意义的介词短语 at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.( 摘自 2010 江西高考 ) 直到他离开了家，
4、他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。(3) hardly .when ., no sooner .than ., not only .but also . 等引导两个句子时， 前一个句子用部分倒装， 后一个 句子不倒装。Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry. 一听到这个消息他就哭了。The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers energy saved, but students became more intereste
5、d in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4) so/neither/nor 置于句首，意为“也 (不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。Since my return to China, I havent seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her. 自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。点津so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不
6、倒装。It is too hot. 天太热了。 So it is. 是啊，的确很热。在so .that .和such .that .句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部 分倒装。So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。Such great progress did he make that he was praised他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。(6)as, though 引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语
7、或动词 原形+ as/though +主语+其他。Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.( 摘自 2009 重庆高考 ) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。Much as he likes the car, he cant afford it. 尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。1 The notice says that only when your identity has been checked . (all
8、ow)通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in2We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.(think)听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think1强调句型结构： It is/was 被强调部分 that 其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用 who 代替 that。(1) 时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调句中就用was;若原句为现在的某种时态，强调句中就用is。(2) 句型变
9、化： be 动词置于句首构成一般疑问句。Was it in the park that you met him? 你是在公园遇见他的吗？ 特殊疑问词+ be+ it + that . ?构成特殊疑问句。What was it that prevented him from coming in time? 是什么阻止了他及时赶来？ 反意疑问句必须和主句一致。It was at ten last night that I knew the news, wasnt it? 是在昨天晚上十点我知道的这个消息，是不是?(3) 人称和数的运用：被强调的部分如果是句子的主语， that/who 之后的谓语动
10、词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。It is I that/who am your friend that will come to see you. 正是作为你朋友的我要来看你。(4) 对 not . until . 结构的强调：强调 not .until . 句型的时间状语时，要把 not 与 until 放在一起。It was not until 10 oclock that I finished my homework. 直到十点钟，我才完成作业。 2强调句型与相关句型的辨析(1) 与定语从句的辨析： It was in the factory that they met for
11、the first time. It was the factory where they met for the first time.句为强调句型，强调的是地点状语in the factory，该句可还原为：They met in the factory for the first time.。句为含有一个定语从句的主从复合句， where 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 the factory ，并在从句中作地点状 语，不可用 that。(2) 与主语从句的辨析： It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit. Its true that
12、they are going to visit the Great Wall.句为强调句型，强调的是宾语the Great Wall。该句可还原为：They are going to visit the Great Wall.。句为含有一个主语从句的复合句， that 引导的从句是句子的真正主语， it 为形式主语， 该句可改为： That they are going to visit the Great Wall is true. 。(3) 与状语从句的辨析： It was at 8 oclock that he arrived home. It was 8 oclock whe n he
13、 arrived home.句为强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 8 oclock，该句可还原为：He arrived home at 8 oclock.。句为 when 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句。(4) 与同位语从句的辨析： It is the fact that has made us un happy. It is a fact that he has lost the game by one score.句为强调句型，强调的是主语the fact，该句可还原为：The fact has made us unhappy.。句为同位语从句， that 引导的同位语从句解释的是 fact
14、 的内容。3谓语动词的强调 强调句型不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，用助动词 do， did 或 does。He did write to you last week. 他在上周确实给你写信了。1It was not until midnight because of traffic jams.(get) 因为交通阻塞直到午夜我们才到家。答案： that we got home2I cant figure out that makes him so difficult at school.(be) 。我弄不明白到底是什么使他在学校(过得 )如此难。答案：what it is1在 when, w
15、hile, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as 等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有 be 动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是 it 时，从句的主语和 be 动词常被省略。The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.( 摘自 2010 浙 江高考 )实验表明，如果有规律地进行适量运动能强身健体。Get up early tomorrow, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus. 明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。2Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess 等作答句，后面跟 so 与 not 分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。 Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗？ I hope not (that it will not
