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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题人和人之间没什么大的差别。任何人都是伟大与渺小、善良与邪恶、高尚与低俗的混合体。有的人个性比较坚毅，或者机会比较好，所以能在某个方而更自由地发挥自己的禀赋， 但是人的潜能都是相同的。就拿我来说，我认为自己并不比大多数人更好或更差，但是我知道，假如我记下我生命中每一个举动和每一个掠过脑海的想法的话，世人将会把我视作一个邪恶的怪物。每个人都会有这些怪念头，认识到这一点，人们就更能包容自己、包容他人。认识到这一点，我们就能以同情的态度看待同伴，即便他们是最优秀最值得尊敬的人：认识到这一点，我们也就不会把自己太当一回事
2、了。【答案】There is little difference between people. Every man is a hotchpotch of greatness and littleness, of virtue and vice, of nobility and baseness. Some people have more strength of character, or better opportunities, so they can use their gifts more freely in one direction or another, but peoples
3、 potential is the same. For my part, I dont think Im better or worse than most people, but I know if I write down every action in my life and every thought that crosses my mind, other people will regard me as an evil monster. Everyone has these whims, and by recognizing that people are more tolerant
4、 of themselves and others. By recognizing this, we can view our fellow men with compassion, even if they are the best and most respectable. By recognizing this, we dont take ourselves too seriously.2. 单选题Recombinant DNA technology allows scientists to cut segments of DNA from one type of organism an
5、d combine them with the genes of a second organism. Also called genetic engineering recombinant DNA technology is a method by which relatively simple organisms, such as bacteria or yeast, or even mammalian cells in culture, can be induced to make quantities of human proteins, including interferons o
6、r grow tobacco plants that produce monoclonal antibodies, and goats that secrete a clot-dissolving heart attack drug, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), in their milk.Another facet of recombinant DNA technology involves gene therapy. The goal of this therapy is to replace defective genes, or to end
7、ow a cell with new capabilities. In 1989, the feasibility and safety of gene transfer was demonstrated when tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) were extracted from a patient, equipped with a marker gene (so they could be tracked and monitored), and then re-injected into patients with advanced canc
8、er. To deliver the gene into the TILS, the scientists used a virus, exploiting its natural tendency to invade cells, before being used as a vector, the virus was altered so that it could not reproduce or cause disease. This experiment demonstrated that gene-modified cells could survive for long peri
9、ods in the bloodstream and in tumor deposits without harm to the patient.The earliest attempts to use genes therapeutically focused on a form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), which is caused by the lack of an enzyme due to a single abnormal gene. The gene for this enzyme-adenosine
10、 deaminase (ADA)is delivered into the patients T cells by a modified retrovirus. When the virus splices its genes into those of the T cells, it simultaneously introduces the gene for the missing enzyme. After the treated T cells begin to produce the missing enzyme, they are injected back into the pa
11、tient.Gene therapy is now being used with some cancer patients. TILS reinforced with a gene for the antitumor cytokine known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been administered to patients with advanced melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. Plans are under way to engineer a cancer “vaccine” desi
12、gned to improve anticancer immune responses by taking small bits of tumor from patients with cancer, outfitting the tumor cells with genes for immune cell activating cytokines such as LL2, and re-injecting these gene-modified tumors into the patient. While the thought of reintroducing a cancerous tu
13、mor into a patient seems somewhat frightening, the enhanced immune response triggered by this technique may help prevent the recurrence of cancer.1.What innate characteristic of viruses did researchers take advantage of in order to transport genes into TILS?2.According to the passage, SCID is caused
14、 by（ ）.3.Why might cancer patients be leery of the prospect of a cancer “vaccine” as discussed in this passage?4.Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is transferred into the T cells of a patient via which of the following?问题1选项A.protective protein coatB.affinity for invading cellsC.non-cellular consistencyD.ab
15、ility to produce DNA from RNA问题2选项A.an overabundance of monoclonal antibodiesB.an overabundance of tumor necrosis factorC.a lack of tumor necrosis factorD.a lack of adenosine deaminase问题3选项A.Vaccine recipients will be re-injected with cancerous materialB.The vaccine is derived from the tobacco plant
16、.C.The safety of genetic transfer has not yet been proven.D.Genetic material from the vector could invade the vaccine recipients bloodstream.问题4选项A.marker geneB.TILSC.interferonD.modified retrovirus【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问研究人员利用病毒的什么固有特性来将基因导入TILS?根据文章第二段第四句的“To deliver the gene into the TILS, the scientists used a vir
