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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to（ ）learning instead of being merely recipients of knowledge.问题1选项A.shore upB.accede toC.participate inD.compensate for【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项shore up“支持，加固”；B选项accede to“加入，同意”；C选项partici
2、pate in“参加，参与，分享”；D选项compensate for“赔偿，补偿”。句意：计算机程序可以提供信息，迫使学生参与学习，而不仅仅是知识的接受者。选项C符合语境。2. 单选题The man had to（ ）the airport several times in order to become familiar with the control of the plane.问题1选项A.surroundB.circleC.observeD.view【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。A选项surround“围绕，包围”；B选项circle“盘旋，环绕移动”；C选项observe“观察，
3、遵守”；D选项view“观察，考虑”。句意：为了熟悉飞机的操纵，这个人不得不环绕着机场飞行了好几次。选项B符合语境。3. 翻译题Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the futurenot wedded to the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not content with merely taking care of whats already t
4、here. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as dedication, and speak from experience as well as understanding of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are flexible rather than dogmatic. They belie
5、ve in unity rather than conformity. And they strive to achieve consensus out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people consistently to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leader make the right things happen when
6、 theyre supposed to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have in order to get. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization. For the work they do, and for their abilities, aspirations and needs, will find that respect is r
7、eturn. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.【答案】成功的领导者无论在情感上还是在理智上都着眼于未来，而不是执着于过去。他们渴望创新，积极开拓。他们不满足于现状，他们想要前进去创造新事物。领导者不仅提供指导也提供答案，不仅给予力量而且乐于奉献，他们说话既根据经验，也根据他们对所面临的问题和一起共事的人的理解。领导者处事灵活而不武断。他们相信的是团结而不是随波逐流。他们力图在冲突中达成共识。领导力在于让人们始终尽显其能，帮助他们最大限度地发挥自己的潜力，并激励他们朝着共同的目标而努力。领导者在必要的时候能做出正确的决断。
8、一个好的领导者，一个卓有成效的领导者，是一个尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必须先尊重他人。一个尊重组织上各级员工，尊重他们的工作、能力、愿望和需求的领导者也会得到他人的尊重。所有这些都会激励大家共同努力。4. 单选题He（ ）in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed.问题1选项A.justifiedB.witnessedC.testifiedD.identified【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项justify“证明合法，证明是正当的”；B选项witness“目击
9、，证明，为作证”；C选项testify“作证，证明”；D选项identify“确定，鉴定，识别”。四个选项都可以表示“作证，证明”，但testify in court是固定用法，表示“出庭作证”，所以选项C正确。5. 单选题People of diverse backgrounds now fly to distant places for pleasure, business or education.问题1选项A.differentB.distinctiveC.divorcedD.separate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：背景的人们现在飞到遥远的地方去度假、经商或接受教育。A
10、选项different“不同的”；B选项distinctive“独特的，与众不同的”；C选项divorced“分离的”；D选项separate“分开的，单独的”。这里应该指的是背景不同，diverse意为“不同的”，选项A与之意思相近。6. 单选题The filling station（ ）because there were too many others on the street.问题1选项A.went underB.went throughC.fell outD.fell through【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项go under“破产，屈服”；B选项go through“参
11、加，经受，仔细检查，通过”；C选项fell out“争吵”；D选项fell through“未能实现”。句意：这个加油站破产了，因为街上还有很多其他的加油站。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题When PH.D. candidates（ ）their impending professorships, they consider housing benefits offered by the prospective university.问题1选项A.anticipateB.assumeC.applyD.demand【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项anticipate“预期，预计（并做准备）”
12、；B选项assume“设想，假定”；C选项apply“申请，应用”；D选项demand“强烈要求”。句意：当博士申请者在为即将到来的教授职位做准备时，他们会考虑未来大学提供的住房福利。选项A符合语境。8. 单选题A landing on Mars is within the（ ）of current physical theory.问题1选项A.schemeB.scopeC.scrapD.scale【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项 scheme“计划，诡计”；B选项scope“范围，视野”；C选项scrap“碎片，残余物”；D选项scale“规模，比例”。句意：在火星上着陆在目前物理理论
13、的范围之内。选项B符合语境。9. 单选题Niagara is an Indian word which means “roaring water”. Indeed, the roar of the falling water of Niagara can be heard（1）a distance of 25 kms. Imagine（2）of water flowing over a cliff 90 feet high and you will get an idea of that terrible noise.And（3）tremendous power the Niagara Riv
14、er has! It moves big rocks about and throws them into the boiling water below.（4）ago an old ship without single person on board was put in mid-stream. It sailed down the river（5）a toy boat with great speed. Having reached the fall, the ship dropped into the boiling water, never（6）again.There were so
15、me people who wanted to become famous（7）swimming across the most dangerous part of the Niagara River. One of them was Captain Webb who said that he would try to swim cross the Niagara, which（8）crowds of people. On the evening of July 21st, 1893, Captain Webb came up to the river and（9）a plunge. His having jumped into the water（10）many people with horror. Soon, he appeared in the middle of the river. A loud shout went up from th
