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1、定语从句（ the attributive clause）一什么叫定语从句？一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。二定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构：关系词 +主语 +谓语 +其它2. 种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三关系词的分类及关系词1. 关系代词： who， whom, whose, that ,which, as2. 关系副词： when， where， why四关系词的功用1. 起连接作用，引导定语从句2. 在定语从句中作一个成分主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。五什么是先行词？被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。六关系词的用法1. who当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选
2、who。 The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesntreach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. whom当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选 whom. This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3. whose 当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory. 当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定
3、语时，选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4. that 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选 that. This is a machine that can walk. 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that.另外， that可以省略。I like the present (that) my father sent me. 当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=who5.which当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which ，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=t
4、hat6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用that 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 时 Is there anything that I can do for you? 当先行词为不定代词all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well. 当先行词被all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today. 当先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时This is the only com
5、puter that he often turns to for help. 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here. time 作先行词，前面有序数词或last 修饰时This is the last time that I ll give you pocket money. 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago 以 who 开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。Who is the pe
6、rson that is sitting on the ground ? 当先行词包括人和物时。7. 下列情况下，关系词只能选which 在非限制性定语从句中。This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday. 先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy. 当先行词指物，用“介词+which ”This is the pen with which I often write.8.asAs 引导定语从句时，有四种情况。 as 单独引导定语从句
7、。As在句中作主语，宾语。As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. the same as 与 一样 such as 和 一样Dontread such a book as you can tunderstand. as as 和 一样In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.9. where 当先行词是指地点的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选where， where=介词 +whichThis is
8、 the classroom where we study. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词， 但关系词在句中作主语， 宾语时， 只能选 that/which. This is the factory that/which makes paperThis is the factory(that/which) we visited yesterday. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能用 whichThis is the school, which he visited. the one 是代词，代替前面的名词，其后的that/which往往省略。Is thi
9、s factory the one you visited? 当 situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名词，关系词在句中作状语时，选whereYoud better make a mark where you have any questions. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作状语，但定语从句末有介词时，选which 。This is the lab which we do experiments in.10. when 当先行词是指时间的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选when， when=介词+whichWe will never
10、 forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith. 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，选that 或 which 。Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.We will never forget the days (that/which) we spent with him. 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能选 which 。Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday.
11、one 作替代词，代替前面表示时间的名词，其后的that/which 往往省略。That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever. time 作先行词，前面有序数词或last 时，只能选that。Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week?11. why 当先行词是指表示原因的名词 reason 时，如果关系副词作状语，选 why ， why=for which.This is the reason why I didn tattend t
12、he meeting yesterday. 当先行词是表示原因的名词reason 时，如果关系副词在句中作宾语，选也可省略。that/which,My parents didn tbelieve the reason (that/ which) I give him.七介词 +which/whom1. 介词 +which/whom 介词的选择根据下面四种情况a. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词b. 根据定语从句中的形容词c. 根据定语从句所修饰的先行词d. 根据句意。 如果关系词指人，选whom ，如果关系词指物，选which 。2. 不定代词 +of+which/whom常用的不定代词有： bot
13、h, neither, either( 两者之一 )，all, none, many, most, some, any Mr. Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting.3. 数词，分词，百分数 +of+which/whomThere are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4. the+ 名词 +of+which=wh
14、ose+ 名词He has just bought a magazine, the cover of which (=whose cover) is missing.5. 介词 +whose+名词This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.八非限制性定语从句如果主语和定语从句之间有个逗号， 它就是非限制性定语从句。 引导非限制性的定语从句的关系词有： which ， who, when, where, why, whom, whose.九分隔性的定语从句有时定语从句和先行词之间被其他词隔开，把这种从句叫分隔性的定语从句。The days are gone when China used foreign oil.= Gone are the da
