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1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题A beam of light will not bend round the corners unless _ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.问题1选项A.to be madeB.having madeC.being doneD.made【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：一束光除非借助反射装置，否则不会沿拐角弯曲。unless在表示“除非”时，如其引导的从句谓语是be动词，而从句的主语跟主句的主语相同时，从句的主语和be动词就可省略。有时从句
2、中主语为it时，也可省略it或从句中的有关成分。在这里unless引导省略了成份的状语从句，unless it is made to do so with the help of a reflecting device是完整的从句。去掉it is后D选项made正确。选项符合题意。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题The clothes a person wears may express his _ or social position.问题1选项A.curiosityB.statusC.determinationD.significance【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cur
3、iosity“好奇”；B选项status“身份，职位”；C选项determination“决心”；D选项significance“（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性；意思，含义”。句意：一个人穿的衣服可以体现他的_或社会地位。根据语境，这里指的是可以通过衣服看出一个人的社会信息，B选项status“身份，职位”符合题意。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题The wind _ the clouds and the sun was again visible.问题1选项A.dispersedB.distributedC.displacedD.displayed【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项
4、dispersed“使分散；驱散”；B选项distributed“分发；散布”；C选项displaced“取代；移动”；D选项displayed“陈列；表露（特点、素质、情感）”。句意：风_云，又看得见太阳了。根据语境，这里指风把云吹散，A选项dispersed“使分散；驱散”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Yesterday was such a _ day we decided to go for a drive.问题1选项A.gloriousB.dynamicalC.avenueD.invitation【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项glorious“（天气）热的
5、，晴朗的”；B选项dynamical“有生气的”；C选项avenue“（城镇的）大街”；D选项invitation“邀请”。句意：昨天天气_，我们决定开车去玩。根据语境，这里指的是天气适宜出门玩耍，A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer. What causes malnutrition
6、, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth? We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of lead in the atmosphere, of staying up late on the night before an examination.Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to wha
7、t we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator wont work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (ref
8、rigerator not working). This kind of reasoning is called, in short, effect to effect. It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights outpower offrefrigerator not workingtemperature will risemil
9、k will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion (燃烧) is necessary to dri
10、ve a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one that can produce an effect unaided (as an empty gas tank is enough to keep a car from starting), though there may be more than one sufficient cause. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running thr
11、ough a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors must also be present.1. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _.2. According to the passage, to do the “effect to effect” reasoning is to reason _.3. A necessary cause is _.4. Your refrigerator is no
12、t working and you have found that the electric power has been cut off. The power failure is a _.5. This passage mainly discusses _.问题1选项A.some other common types of reasoningB.some special type of reasoningC.relationships between causes and resultsD.classification of reasoning问题2选项A.from effect to e
13、ffect and onto causeB.from effect to cause and onto another effectC.from cause to effectD.from effect to cause问题3选项A.one that is enough to make the effect occurB.one of the cause that can produce the effectC.one without which it is impossible for the effect to occurD.none of them问题4选项A.contributory
14、causeB.sufficient causeC.necessary causeD.none of them问题5选项A.classification of causesB.the causal processC.causal reasoningD.various types of reasoning【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results.（另一种常见的推理方式是寻找原因和
15、结果。），可知前面的内容和这一部分的内容属于同一个层面和分类，都是常见的推理方式，A选项“一些其他的常见推理类型”正确。B选项“某种特殊类型的推理”，C选项“原因和结果的关系”和D选项“推理的分类”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第三句Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect.（有时我们从一个结果推理到一个原因，然后再推理到另一个结果。）和第五句This kind of reasoning is called, in short, effect to effect.（这种推理，简而言之，叫做效果对效果。），可知效果对效果指的是B选项“从结果到原因，再到另一个结果”。A选项“从结果到结果，再到原因”，C选项“从原因到结果”和D选项“从结果
