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1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up
2、 smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harm
3、ful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.【答案】人们普遍认为吸烟成瘾，与其说戒烟是个人选择的问题，不如说是意志力的问题。虽然就医和药物治疗能增加永久戒烟的概率，但避免进退两难的最好办法是一开始就不吸烟。吸烟带来不可逆的影响程度不同，且与烟瘾和烟龄有关，也与最初接触烟的年龄有关。本报告挑
4、战的是一种观点，即几年的吸烟史不会产生长期的不良后果。我们希望劝说人们不要染上这一常见而致命的习惯，并指出随着戒烟时间的增加，烟草对健康产生的影响就会大幅度减少。2. 单选题Despite the suspects（ ）to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.问题1选项A.assertionB.convictionC.speculationD.accusation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项assertion“断言；主张；认定”；B选项conviction“定罪；确信；坚定的信仰”；C选项sp
5、eculation“投机；推测；思索”；D选项accusation“控告；谴责”。句意：尽管嫌疑犯（ ）自己无辜，但他参与了此事证据确凿。根据语境，嫌疑犯assertion“断言；主张；认定”自己无辜比较合理。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题Its in your best（ ）to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.问题1选项A.sakeB.benefitC.advantageD.interest【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：戒烟对你最有利，因为你有一些呼吸问题。be in sbs (best) interest (s)
6、 (to do sth)=be the best thing for someone，因此D选项正确。4. 单选题The great（ ）between the teams did not make for an entertaining game.问题1选项A.disparityB.discomfitC.discretionD.dislocation【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项disparity“明显差异”；B选项discomfit“使难堪”；C选项discretion“自行决定权；审慎”；D选项dislocation“（制度、进程、生活方式）紊乱”。句意：两队之间的巨大（ ）并没
7、有使比赛变得有趣。Dislocation形容制度等，不能和team搭配，disparity可以和team搭配，也符合生活中因为两个团队的巨大差异让比赛有看点的场景。因此A选项正确。5. 翻译题小班上课要求学生参与讨论，因此他们不再被动听课。在与老师和同学进行学术交流时，他们的能力大幅度提高。这种交流有助于教师在考试前了解学生掌握了哪些知识，因此能提高自己的教学质量。这样的课程需要教师们精力充沛、富有想象、认真思考，所有这一切可能令人身心疲惫，但却能促使学生对自己的学业负责。【答案】Small classes require students to participate in discussi
8、ons, so they no longer listen passively. Their abilities are greatly improved in academic exchanges with teachers and classmates. This kind of communication helps teachers to know what students have mastered before the exam, thus improving the quality of their teaching. Such courses require energeti
9、c, imaginative and thoughtful teachers, all of which can be exhausting, but can make students take responsibility for their studies.6. 单选题If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the aud
10、ience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods
11、of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is b
12、eing shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rashes to the head of the line, gra
13、bs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are c
14、ommon to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or th
15、eir chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural, include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unf
16、orced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making alight-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don
