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1、2022-2023年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题TWO nuclear bombs are among many curious machines which the Science Museum stores at an old airfield in Wiltshire. An early hovercraft stands with a fleet of submersibles and a truck that once roamed the Antarctic. Now a new acquisition is on the way. Around t
2、he runway workers are preparing to lay out 155,000 solar panelsat about 170 acres, one of the biggest solar farms in Britain.Though Britains hillsides are peppered with wind turbines, solar panels produce less than half of one percent of its power. Racing to hit a European target that requires it to
3、 generate 30% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020, the government wants a lot more. Gregory Barker, an energy minister, says the solar industry could expand sixfold within a decade. Laid on the ground, that many panels would fill an area of about 150 square miles.Fields full of solar p
4、anels are less obtrusive than hillside turbines, and simpler to install. Whereas opposition to wind power is mounting, about 85% of Britons back new solar projects. Big arrays may even encourage some kinds of wildlife, for example by sheltering ground-nesting birds.It is also getting cheaper. The co
5、st of installing solar panels has fallen by half since 2010 due to heavy deployment in Germany and elsewhere. Weak British sunlight makes energy from solar farms about 25% more expensive than from onshore wind turbinesand more than twice the wholesale price of powerbut the government expects a 20% r
6、eduction by 2020.Solar companies say ministers must do more. Planners, fearing eyesores, are growing less co-operative (complaints from rural campaigners are holding up the Science Museums array). Grid connections are getting more expensive as developers choose sites ever farther from big towns.Yet
7、caution is wise, for two reasons. First, hefty investment in sunnier countries means the price of panels will keep falling without much help from British taxpayers; government cash might go much further in a year or two.Second, the price of solar panels reflects only part of the technologys costs. P
8、anels produce very little power during winter; in summer they can generate too much. The National Grid, which manages Britains power-transmission network, says that a big solar programme would mean finding extra cash to mitigate these swings in supply. A preponderance of panels is already making it
9、difficult to build more farms in the sunny south-west.If Britain is serious about hitting its legally-binding target for renewable generation, more solar seems inevitable. But the roofs of offices, factories and warehouses are the best places for it. Putting panels there lowers energy bills for busi
10、nesses while placing less strain on local grids. That seems a brighter idea.【答案】【参考译文】科学博物馆将许多稀奇古怪的机器储藏在位于威尔特郡的废旧机场里，这其中就包括两枚核弹。还有一艘早期的气垫船，一排潜水器，和一辆曾经驰骋于南极洲的卡车。现如今，一项新的收藏将要加入它们的行列。工人们准备在跑道的周围搭155000张太阳能板。该工程占地约170英亩，将有望成为英国最大的太阳能发电厂。尽管不列颠的山坡上布满了用来发电的风轮机，并且其发电量差不多是太阳能板发电量的两百多倍。然而面对亟待实现的目标，英国政府还有很长的路要
11、走。欧盟已攻足了目标：截至2020年，欧盟成员国30%的电力供给要来自可再生能源。能源部长格当戈里巴克尔说，在未来的千年内太阳能行业将扩展六倍。若将如此多数量的太阳能板平铺开来，它们将覆盖150平方英里的区域。布满太阳能板的区域看上去并不会如山坡上的风轮机那样突兀，并且太阳能板安装起来也比风轮机更简单。相比于风力发电受到越来越多的反对，新的太阳能项目却获得了大约有85%的英国人的支持。大范围地铺设太阳能板甚至有利于某些野生动物的生存。例如一些筑巢的鸟类将其作为遮蔽隐藏之所。此外，利用太阳能发电也变得越来越便宜了。由于德国以及其他一些国家强化部署发展太阳能产业，自2010年以来，安装太阳能板的成
12、本已经降低了一半。英国较弱的光照条件使得来自太阳能的电力要比近海风力发电所产生的电力贵25%，电力批发价格方面前者更是后者的两倍多。然而，英国政府预期，到2020年太阳能电费将降低20%。太阳能公司认为，部长们需要有更大的作为。由于担心影响美观，规划师们越来越不合作（来自乡村的反对者们的抱怨阻碍了科学博物馆的部署）。因为开发者们选址离大城镇越来越远，并网的成本也越来越高。然而基于两方面的理由考虑，谨慎行事才是明智之举。一方面，光照充足的国家向该行业注入巨额投资意味着：即使没有英国政府的资金投入，太阳能板的价格将会持续下跌。或许未来一两年投入政府资金会带来更深远的影响。另一方面，太阳能板的价格仅
13、仅反映了一部分该项技术的成本。太阳能电池板在冬天的发电量很低，而夏天又能产生大量电能。经营英国输电网络的英国国家电力供应公司称，实施大型太阳能供电项目将意味着同时需要寻求额外的资金投入来中和这种电力供应上的波动。在阳光灿烂的西南地区，漫山遍野的太阳能电池板几乎已经布满了整个区域。人们很难再找到余地去建造更多的太阳能发电厂。如果英国真的打算实现具有法律约束力的可再生能源电力供应目标，寻求更多的太阳能发电似乎不可避免。然而，或许办公室、工厂以及仓库的房顶才是太阳能电池板最好的安家之处。这样做能够在降低商业用电费用的同时减轻地方电网的负担。这似乎是个更明智的主意。2. 单选题We are good
14、at inventing way to enlarge our realm. Repeatedly we find methods of spreading farther. If an element is forbidding, we devise a means to master it. Reaching the continental shores, we developed ship-building and navigational skills in order to cross oceans. Shivering at arctic weather, we designed
15、for clothing and snug shelters in order to edge northward. And, having first occupied much of the usable space in the world, we are filling its usable time. Although being wakeful at night flouted our natural rhythms, we developed artificial lighting that let us be active after dark.An era is now un
16、der way in which we are replacing our cyclic community with activities that never stop. There is widespread factory shift work. Airports, gasoline stations, hotels, restaurants and broadcasters operate incessantly. Data-processing departments of insurance companies and banks are astir all night. Meanwhile, isolated individuals bend over books and papers on desks in their homes, watch television after midnight, or walk in the str
