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1、 动词语态passive voice1 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时， 谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成，时态通过be 表现出来。时 态构 成例 句一般现在时态am / is / are + doneAn apple is eaten by me every day.一个苹果每天都被我吃掉。一般过去时态was / were + doneHe was taken to the park by his mother yesterday.昨天，他被妈妈带去了公园。一般将来时态will be + doneThe c
2、hild will be sent to his parents next week.那个小孩子下个月将要被送回他的父母那里。现在完成时态have / has been + doneMy homework has been finished by me.我的作业已经被做完了。现在进行时态am / is / are being + doneA big bridge is being built in our city now.一座大桥正在我们的城市被建造。含有情态动词情态动词 + be + doneTrees can be planted at the foot of the hill.树可以被
3、种在山脚下。注意双宾语直接宾语（物）作主语，动词后要用介词to或for。He gave me some money. 他给了我一些钱。 I was given some money by him./ Some money was give to me by him.介词不乱丢变被动时，不及物动词后跟的介词（或副词）不能丢掉。We are looking for a book on Asia. 我们正在找一本关于亚洲的书。 A book on Asia is being looked for by us.还原tohear / see / make sb. do sth.等变被动时，把to加上。S
4、he made me stand in front of the door. 她让我站在门前。 I was made to stand in front of the door by her.英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态： A. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？ Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。 A
5、greater number of magic English books will be published next year. 明年将有更多的魔法英语书出版。 After war, everything had been destroyed. 战争结束后，一切都被毁坏了。 B. 强调动作的承受者 If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。（强调you） A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。（强调a ne
6、w Hope School） She is liked by everybody. 大家都喜欢她。 Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class. 小李被选为班长。 C. 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物 The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。 We were shocked by the news of his death. 我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。 Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。 D. 修辞的需要
7、，为了使句子更加简练、匀称 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他出现在舞台上，受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。 The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received. 这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。 I was shown round the school campus by Sean, who had entered the school just a year before. 肖
8、恩带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。 E. 为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己 Youve been told many times not to make the same mistake. 你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。 Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。 The control room may not be entered without permission. 非经许可，勿入控制室。 F. 科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程 The film is coated with
9、light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colours of light. 胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质，这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。 G. 新闻报道中为了体现新闻的客观性 The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nations west development campaign. 西气东输工程7月4日全线开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。 H有些动词习惯上
10、常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。 注意： 被动语态中的by短语通常可以省去。但如果by短语是句子的重点所在，或者没有by短语全句的意思不完整时，则要保留by短语。 The vegetables didnt taste very good. They had been cooked too long. 蔬菜的味道不好，烧的时间太长了。（不需要动作的执行者） He arrived at the airport, where he was met by
11、 his friend. 他到达了机场并受到朋友的迎接。（没有by his friend，句子的意思不完整） Everybody was cast down by such news as that. 大家都被那种消息搞得很沮丧。（需要by短语）3主动语态变被动语态中国人的思维的着眼点在动作的施动者，英美人思维的着眼点在动作的承受者。 中国人常这样说：I expect you to be there on time. 我希望你准时到那里。英美人常这样说： You are expected to be there on time. 希望你准时到那里。 这就是英语中被动语态的使用比汉语中多的原因。
12、由于英语句子的主动语态结构不同，因而变成被动语态的方式也各不相同。A. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语：1 They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 他们将在会议上讨论这个问题。 - The plan will be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会议上讨论。 2 In the past the king possessed great wealth. 过去国王拥有巨大的财富。nIn the past great wealth was poss
13、essed by the king. 过去，巨大的财富为国王所拥有B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语：1. We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。 The student was given some books. 这个学生被给了几本书。 Some books were given to the student. 几本书被给了这个学生。 2.His father bought him a computer last we
14、ek. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 He was bought a computer by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 A computer was bought for him by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for, of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。 They awardedMo Yanthe Nobel Prize. 他们授予他诺贝尔奖。 The Nobel Prize was awarded（to）him. 诺贝尔
15、奖被授予给他。 The host had caught us some fish. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。 Some fish had been caught for us by the host. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。（for不可省）nC. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语： 1. All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。2. They kept us waiting for a long time. 他们让我们等了很长时间。We were kept waiting for a long time . 我们等了很
