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1、人之初性本善性相近习相远 Men at their birth, are naturally good. Their natures are much the same; their habits become widely different. 苟不教性乃迁教之道贵以专 If follishly there is no teaching, the nature will deteriorate. The right way in teaching, is to attach the utmost importance in thoroughness. 昔孟母择邻处子不学断机杼 Of old,
2、 the mother of Mencius chose a neighbourhood and when her child would not learn, she broke the shuttle from the loom. 窦燕山有义方教五子名俱扬 Tou of the Swallow Hills had the right method He taugh five son, each of whom raised the family reputation. 养不教父之过教不严师之惰 To feed without teaching, is the fathers fault.
3、To teach without severity, is the teachers laziness. 子不学非所宜幼不学老何为 If the child does not learn, this is not as it should be. If he does not learn while young, what will he be when old ? 玉不琢不成器人不学不知义 If jade is not polished, it cannot become a thing of use. If a man does not learn, he cannot know his
4、duty towards his neighbour. 为人子方少时亲师友习礼仪 He who is the son of a man, when he is young, should attach himself to his teachers and friends; and practise ceremonial usages. 香九龄能温席孝於亲所当执 Hsiang, at nine years of age, could warm his parents bed. Filial piety towards parents, is that to which we should ho
5、ld fast. 融四岁能让梨弟於长宜先知 Jung, at four years of age, could yield the (bigger) pears. To hehave as a younger brother towards elders, is one of the first things to know. 首孝弟次见闻知某数识某文 Begin with filial piety and fraternal love, and then see and hear . Learn to count, and learn to read. 一而十十而百百而千千而万 units
6、and tens, then tens and hundreds, hundreds and thousands, thousands and then tens of thousands. 三才者天地人三光者日月星 The three forces, are heaven, earth and man. The three luminaries, are the sun,the moon and the stars. 三纲者君臣义父子亲夫妇顺 The three bonds, are the obligation between soverign and subject, the love
7、between father and child, the harmony between husband and wife. 曰春夏曰秋冬此四时运不穷 We speak of spring and summer, we speak of autumn and winter, These four seasons, revolve without ceasing. 曰南北曰西东此四方应乎中 We speak of North and South, we speak of East and West, These four points, respond to the requirements
8、of the centre. 曰火水木金土此五行本乎数 We speak of water, fire, wood,metal and earth. These five elements, have their origin in number. 曰仁义礼智信此五常不容紊 We speak of charity, of duty towards one neighbour, of propriety, of wisdom, and of truth. These five virtues, admit of no compromise. 稻粱菽麦黍稷此六谷人所食 Rice , spike,
9、millet, pulse wheat, glutinous millet and common millet, These six grains, are those which men eat. 马牛羊鸡犬豕此六畜人所饲 The horse, the ox, the sheep, the fowl, the dog, the pig. These six animals, are those which men keep. 曰喜怒曰哀惧爱恶欲七情具 We speak of joy, of anger, we speak of pity, of fear, of love , of hate
10、 and of desire. These are the seven passions. 匏土革木石金 与丝竹乃八音 The gound, earthenware,skin wood, stone metal, silk and bamboo, yield the eight musical sounds. 高曾祖父而身身而子子而孙 Great great grandfather,great grandfather, grandfather, father and self, self and son, son and grandson, 自子孙至玄曾乃九族人之伦 from son and
11、grandson, on to great grandson and great great grandson. These are the nine agnates, constituting the kinships of man. 父子恩夫妇从兄则友弟则恭 Affection between father and child, harmony between husband and wife, friendliness on the part of elder brothers, respectfulness on the part of younger brothers, 长幼序友与朋
12、君则敬臣则忠 procedence(?) between elders and youngers, (probably : precedence ) as between friend and friend. Respect on the part of the sovereign, loyalty on the part of the subject. 此十义人所同 These ten obligations, are common to all men. 凡训蒙须讲究详训诂名句读 In the education of the young, there should be explanat
13、ion and eluciation, careful teaching of the interpretations of commentators, and due attention to paragraphs and sentences. 为学者必有初小学终至四书 Those who are learners, must have a beginning. The little learning finished, & nbsp; they proceed to the four books. 论语者二十篇群弟子记善言 There is the Lun Yu (discourse or
14、 Analects), in twenty sections. In this, the various disciples, have recorded the wise sayings of Confucious. 孟子者七篇止讲道德说仁义 The works of Mencius, have comprised in seven section. These explain the way and exemplifications thereof, and expound clarity and duty towards ones neighbour. 作中庸子思笔中不偏庸不易 The
15、Chung Yung (the doctrine of the mean), by the pen of Tzu-su; Chung (the middle) being that which odes not lean toward! s any side, Yung( the course) being that which cannot be changed. 作大学乃曾子自修齐至平治 He who wrote the Great Learning was the philosopher Tseng. Beginning with cultivation of the individual and ordering of
