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1、专题12 感叹句和倒装句丢分题详解【2019 青海省中考】_ useful advice you gave us!A. WhatB. What aC. How【参考答案】A 【试题解析】句意：你给了我们多么有用的建议啊！分析句子结构可知考查感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，根据useful advice 可知句型结构为：What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！，句中advice消息，不可数名词。故选A。丢分探因此题易误选B，很多学生容易把advice当成是可数名词，且useful是以辅音音音素开头的单词，所以第一空很容易误填What a，其实advice是不
2、可数名词，前不用冠词，useful是形容词，故前用what修饰。查漏补缺感叹句的基本用法 用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导，具体用法如下表：类别结构例句what引导What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!What a kind girl ( she is )! （她是）一个多么善良的女孩啊！What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!What beautiful flowers ( they are)! 多么漂亮的花！What bad weather ( it is )! 多
3、么糟糕的天气！how引导How + 主语 + 谓语!How time flies! 时间飞逝！How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!How brave ( the hero is )!（这个英雄）真勇敢！How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊!How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!How clever ( a boy he is )! （他是）一个多么聪明的男孩啊！【典例】【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特中考】Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _ great cou
4、rage he showed! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 【答案】B【解析】句意：关董救了一位老太太走出长江。他表现出多么杰出的勇气啊！从句意知，本题考查的是感叹句，由于courage是不可数名词，因此用感叹词 What，故选B。【2019 湖南省邵阳中考】_ different life is today!Yeah. We are all living a happy and rich life now. A. What aB. HowC. What【答案】B【解析】分析句子结构可知考查感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，根
5、据different life is today可知句型结构为：How +形容词+主语+谓语动词！different形容词，不同的， life生活，主语故选B。陈述句改感叹句 陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用一断二加三换位的方法：1. 一断，即在谓语后边断开，使句子分为两部分。She is a beautiful girl. 她是一位美丽的姑娘。He works hard. 他工作努力。2. 二加，即如果第二部分为副词、形容词，就加上how；如果是一个名词(词组)，就加上what。She is (what) a beautiful girl. He works (how) hard. 3. 三换位，
6、即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹号。What a beautiful girl she is! How hard he works! 【典例】She is a hard-working student. (改为感叹句)_【答案】What a hard-working student she is! /How hard-working she is!【解析】感叹句有What. 和How. 两种结构，在该题中，如果用What，感叹部分为What a hard-working student；而如果用How，感叹部分则为How hard-working。方法技巧感叹句记忆口诀感叹句
7、，并不难，what与how应在前。形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见丢分题详解 It was because I was caught in the traffic jam _ I came to school late this morning.A. which B. when C. what D. that【参考答案】D 【试题解析】本题考查强调句。这是一个强调句型It is.that.结构，强调原因状语，故选D。句意：今天早上我来学习迟到是因为我陷于交通阻塞。丢分探因此题考查强调句型，It is/was被强调部分
8、that/who.，判断强调句型的一个原则是，把It is/was和that/who.去掉，句子仍然是一个完整的句子，此句把It was和空处之后，剩下的为because I was caught in the traffic jam I came to school late this morning，仍然是一个完整的句子，故判断此题考查强调句型，故选D。查漏补缺 强调句型是一种特殊句式，用于表达说话任强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是使句中某一部分所包含的信息，通过某种手段比一般情况下显得更加重要。 1. 强调句的基本结构及用法(1)基本句型： It is/was被强调部分that/who. It
9、 is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解， 孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。 (强调方式状语) (2)一般疑问句形式： Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？ Was it because he behaved badly that he was punished by this teacher? 是因为他表现太差而受到老师的惩罚吗？(3)特殊疑问句形式： 特殊疑问词is/wa
10、s itthat其他？ ,特殊疑问词就是被强调部分。When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？ 【易错警示】当疑问句式的强调句出现在名词性从句中时，疑问句语序要变成陈述句语序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake. 他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。 I just wonder why it is that Mr. Black seldom mentions his childhood?(4)强调句的反义疑问句强调句的反义
11、疑问句由that/who前的主句确定用isnt it 或wasnt it.It is Mr. Smith who will come to give us a lecture tomorrow, isnt it?It was in the dining room that you lost your wallet , wasnt it?(4)含有not. until. 的强调句型： It is/was not until被强调部分that. It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
12、直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。2. 强调句中it的应用It在强调句中无实际意义，也不可以用that 或this替代。3. 强调句中be动词的应用若原句是现在时或将来时，be动词用is ;若原句为过去时，则be动词用was.另外，可视情况在be动词前加情态动词may, might, could , must等，表明说话人的语气。强调句的否定式在be动词后加not。It is his determination rather than cleverness that has made him more and more successful.It was in the village scho
13、ol that I finished my primary school.It might be in the office that you left your keys.It was not everyone that can do such a thing.4. 强调句中that/who的应用若强调句的被强调部分是人，用that或who均可；若被强调部分指物或其他情况，则一律用that.如：It was Tony who/that happened to meet our English teacher in the bookstore.It was in the bookstore t
14、hat Tony happened to meet our English teacher in the bookstore5. 强调句不能强调定语和谓语动词强调谓语动词时， 要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。 The family did manage to send him to a technical school. 家里的确设法让他上技术学校。 1）强调主语It is my parents that always encourage me to try new things.注意：强调主语时，应注意原句的谓语动词仍与被强调的主语保持一致。被强调的部分的主语无论是单
15、数还是复数形式，强调结构中的be 动词只能用is或was.例如：It is I who am going to the cinema with some friends.It is Lucy and Mary that will come to see me this Sunday.2）强调宾语It was an English-Chinese dictionary that I bought this morning.3）强调状语It is because of illness that he failed to attend the meeting.It is only when something gets lost that you ca
