高中非谓语动词教案

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1、个性化辅导教案 教师: 郑荣南 学生: 科目: 英语 时间: 2014 年 2 月 日 段一、授课目的与考点分析:非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词等三种形式,这是历年高考必考内容,每年都会有1-2题涉及该部分要点。考点集中在:非谓语动词作定语的区别;动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。授课内容:动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式 不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“ not to do”不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语 1不定式的用法: l)作主语不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语

2、之后,用 it作形式主语例如: To see is to believe It is right to give up smoking 2)作宾语不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用 it作形式宾语例如: He wanted to go I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语例如: He asked me to do the work with him. 注意 :在 feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,hav

3、e, let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带 to但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带 to例如 I often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song 注意:不定式动词在介词 but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带 to,否则要带 to如: She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go 4)

4、作定语例如: I have some books for you to read 注:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词例如: He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry about Please give me a knife to cut with 但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time,place或 way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去例如: He had no money and no place to live. 5)作状语,

5、表示目的、原因、结果或条件例如: I came here to see you(目的) We were very excited to hear the news(原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there(结果) To look at him, you would like him(条件)目的状语还可以用 in order to或 so as to来表示如: In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard We ran all the way so as not to be late不定式也

6、可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语例如: I am very glad to hear it The question is difficult to answer “ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语例如: He is too old to do that 另外句子中有 enough这个词时,常用不定式作状语例如: The room is big enough to hold us 6)作表语例如: My job is to help the patient 7)作独立成分例如: To tell the truth, I dont agree with you. 8)不定式与疑问词 who,

7、which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等例如: He didnt know what to say.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important(主语) My question is when to start. (表语) 注意:在与 why连用时,只用于 why或 why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to. 例如: Why not have a rest? (二)动名词 1动名词由动词 + ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表

8、语和定语 1)作主语例如: Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queens full- time job. It is no use arguing with him. 注意:动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作例如: Playing with fire is dangerous(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous(指一具体动作) 但在 It is no use good,not any use good,useless等

9、后必需用动名词。 2)作表语例如: Her job is teaching. 3)作宾语例如: He is fond of playing football I like swimming. 注意: admit,appreciate,avoid,consider, delay, dislike,enjoy,escape, excuse,face,feel. like,finish,forgive,give up, imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist, risk,suggest,cant help,cant

10、 stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式 forget,go on,like,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。 在 allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时,要用动名词形式,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时,其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式。 动词 need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义例如: The window needs( require

11、s,wants) cleaning( to be cleaned) 在短语 devote to,look forward to,stick to,to be used to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for,be( kept) busy,be worth,have difficulty trouble problem (in),have a good wonderful hard time(in),theres no usegood need,feel lookseem likeget down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式例如: I look f

12、orward to hearing from you soon. 4)作定语例如: He has a reading room.2动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成在句子开头必须用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词例如: His coming made me very happy Marys crying annoyed him.(三)分词 1分词的时态和语态 l)分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为;完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作例如: Be

13、ing a student,he was interested in books Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well 2.分词的用法 l)作定语 分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前例如: The man standing by the window is our teacher. The excited people rushed into the building 注意:现在分词作定语时,它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,如果两个动作有先有后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而要用定语从句。例如: The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window 注意:在 see,hear,watch,feel,observe,have,listen to,notice等动词后,既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语,也可以用不定式构成复合宾语,但两者的含义是有差别的,用现在分词,表示动作正在发生,(即处于发生的过程中,还没有结束),用不定式表示动作发生了,(即动作全过程结束了)。例如: I

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