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1、科技英语翻译课程练习三答案一、词义选择virus病毒电脑病毒boot靴子启动bus公共汽车总线路drive司机磁盘驱动器menu菜单电脑菜单window窗口电脑中打开的窗口sense 向、方向、辨别力(无线电通讯等学科中)sense antenna辨向天线sense finder单值侧向器读出(在计算机科学中)sense signal读出信号sense amplifier读出放大器indicator指示剂(在化学中)indicator paper试纸示功器，示压器(在机械中)indicator card示功卡/示功图指针(仪器)dial indicator标度盘指示器position indi
2、cator定位仪revolution indicator转数计surface indicator平面规、表面找正器二、词义引申 1. 具体化引申1) High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage.译文：高速磨削不存在此不足。2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould.译文：铸件的体积和形状随铸型而异。3) Alloy belongs to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds.译文：合金是介于混合物和化合物之
3、间的一种中间结构。4) This new crucible furnace is a fuel-efficient model.译文：这种新型坩锅炉是节油型锅炉。5) This shows that a vacuum, which is the absence of matter, cannot transmit sound.译文：这表明真空，即没有空气的状态下，不能传播声音。6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years.译文：这座桥建造非常牢固，已使用了百年。2. 抽象化引申 1) They reach
4、their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other and detonate. Anything nearby is a goner.译文：导弹相继以几秒之差到达程序制导目标引爆。附近的一切顷刻覆灭。(原文中的goner，本义是“无可挽救的人(或物)”，意义很具体，但如果按照这种直译则文理不通，因此基于goner的内涵及联想意义，作抽象化引申为“顷刻覆灭”。)2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi conductors.
5、译文：元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。(contributors一词本义指“贡献者”，表示具体的人，如直接翻译为“主要贡献者”则不符合汉语的语言习惯，因此将该词作抽象化引申，译为“起主要作用”。)3) These gases trap the suns heat whereas sulphur dioxide cools the atmosphere.译文：这些气体留住了阳光中的热量，而二氧化硫使空气冷却。(从该词与句中宾语的逻辑匹配关系看，若直译为“设陷阱捕捉”，显然文句不顺。因此，抽象化引申为“留住”。)3. 技术性引申1) The light in the workshop is p
6、oor. 译文：车间的电量不足。2) Zinc is easy to obtain from its ore. 译文：锌易于从锌矿中提炼。3) Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon. 译文：钢与铸铁两者的含碳量也不同。4. 修辞性引申 1) Graphite in cast iron is not hard, it gives way to pressure.译文：铸铁中的石墨不硬，在压力下会变形。2) Electric resistance furnaces have their electric energy transformed into
7、heat.译文：电阻炉将电能转变为热能。三、增词法 1. 增添原文所省略的词语1) Metallic matrix composites became useful only in the late eighties.译文：在80年代末期，金属基复合材料才成为有用的东西。2) To the extent that it is real, the interaction with the lower boundary seems a good candidate to explain the high persistence of the system.译文：如果这一结果可靠的话，那么这一系统与
8、下边界的相互作用似乎可看作解释它长时间继续存在的可靠原因。3) Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 译文：物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。4) Mobile users in India desire a wide range of devices and services. 译文：印度的移动用户要求为其提供更多的选择和服务。2. 增添必要的连接词语 1) Heated, water will change into vapor. 译文：水如受热，就会汽化。2) This question is reall
9、y a technique design rather than an operation problem.译文：这个问题实际上是属于工艺设计方面而非操作方面的问题。3) Having a lot of advantages, this machine will eventually be improved upon. 译文：尽管这台机器有很多优点，它总有一天会被别的机器超过的。4) Other material can be used, but pine bark had proven best for repeated use.译文：尽管其他材料也能使用，但松树皮已证明是最适合于多次使用的
10、材料。3. 用增词法表达出原文的复数概念1) After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained. 译文：经一系列实验后，查明了许多重要现象。2) The first steel castings produced by full mold process went into use in 1978.译文：第一批用实型铸造工艺生产的铸钢件于1978年投入使用。3) The virus may survive weeks and months. 译文：病毒将存活数星期乃至数月。4) A gas exert
11、s the same pressure in a mixture of gases as it would exert if it were in the container alone.译文：在混合的几种气体中，每一种气体所具有的压力就与它单独在容器中的压力一样。4. 用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚 1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.译文：氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。2) The addition or removal of heat may change the state of matter.译文：加热法或去热法都可能改变物质的状态。3) Sh
12、ort-term use of medications is another option.译文：短期使用药物治疗法是另一种选择。4) Corrections and changes are made in accordance with the observed performance.译文：根据观察到的结果进行修正和变换。5) This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electronic computers. 译文：这种在低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。5. 逻辑性增词(Amplif
13、ication for Logic)1) Voltage testers should be checked for correct functioning before use.译文：在使用测压器之前，应检查其功能是否正常。2) Wave your hand in front of your face, and you can feel the air moving.译文：如果在你眼前摆手，你会感到空气在流动。3) The pupil of eye responds to the change of light intensity.译文：瞳孔随着光线强度的变化而变化。4) Air press
14、ure decreases with altitude. 译文：气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。5) As no machine ever runs without some friction, overcoming the force wastes work.译文：因为没有一台机器可以无摩擦地运转，所以克服摩擦力只是白费功夫。6) Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. 译文：与其说海洋将世界分开不如说海洋将世界连接在一起。6. 概括性增词 1) According to scientists, it takes nature 50
15、0 years to create an inch of topsoil. 译文：根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。2) This article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 译文：本文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。3) The France and Korea conducted a completely secrete exchange of message. 译文：法韩双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信息。4) The frequency, wavelength, and speed of sound are closely related. 译文：声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关的。7. 词的重复 1) Avoid using this computer in extreme cold，heat，dust or humidity. 译文：不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。
