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1、GRAMMAR 名词性从句一、 定义：名词性从句是由if, whether, that, how和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。二、类型：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句(请说出以下句子中的画线局部在句子中充当的成分)1. When well hold the sports meeting has not been decided yet.2.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many people.3.He wonder if he coul
2、d use my bike.4. I am thinking about who will be given the job.5. That he has won the first prize is true.6. My parents wish is that I can go to a key university.7. They are discussing the problem whether they should ban(禁止) fishing in the lake.8. The problem is how I can get in touch with them.9. I
3、t is not clear whether she will attend his wedding.10. I have no idea when he would return.三、用法1、主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:A. That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)B. When he w
4、ill go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)2.宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if; 代词有who, whose, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:A. We believe (that) he is honest.B. I told him (that) I would come back soon.C. He said (that) he woul
5、d go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.3、表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:A. The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.B. This is how Henry solved the problem. C. His suggestion is that we (should) finish
6、the work at once. (如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.)4、同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。如：A. The thought that we might success excited us.B. The idea that they should try a second t
7、ime is worth considering.C. The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.(如果名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.)四、注意1、注意that 的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：A. ThattheyaregoodatEngl
8、ishisknowntousall.B. Theproblemisthatwedonthaveenoughmoney.C. SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：A. Hejudgedthat becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderst
9、and what he had said.B. Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.C. Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A) Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat. (C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat
10、(DItseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.2、注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别： A.从句前都有一个名词 B.定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。 C.定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 同位语从句我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that
11、 you told us is really encouraging. 定语从句你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewh
12、eretheaccidenthappened.3、whether和if的用法whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.婀课咆税质谒勒昶后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：IdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhave
13、somuchmoney.Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管、“无论，而if不能。If表示“如果时，不能用whether。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourp
14、artyontime.If I have enough time, I will play football.4、疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的局部。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序。 宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,IdidntknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeen
