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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Continued inequities between the rich and powerful minority and the impoverished masses appalled most Egyptians.问题1选项A.offendedB.captivatedC.shockedD.puzzled【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. offended 得罪，冒犯 B. captivated 迷住，使着迷C. shocked 使震惊，使惊愕 D. puzzled 迷惑，使困惑【答案】C【考查点】
2、动词辨析。【解题思路】appalled的意思为“使胆寒，使惊骇”，和most Egyptians构成动宾搭配关系，指的是大多数埃及人很震惊，shocked与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】有钱有势的少数人和贫穷大众之间长期不平等，这使大多数埃及人感到震惊。2. 填空题Although personality change is _ difficult, sometimes people can change the most dysfunctional aspects of their feelings and behavior. (exceed)
3、【答案】exceedingly【解析】【考查点】副词。【解题思路】在is _ difficult中，is和difficult是系动词和表语，横线所在内容修饰形容词difficult，应该为副词，exceedingly“极其”符合语境，指的是性格的改变极其困难。【句意】虽然性格的改变极其困难，但有时人们可以改变他们的感觉和行为中最不正常的方面。3. 单选题They denounce deficit spending, declaring that you cant solve debt problems with more debt.问题1选项A.condemnB.disputeC.conten
4、dD.neglect【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. condemn 谴责，指责 B. dispute 对提出质询，对表示异议（或怀疑）C. contend （尤指在争论中）声称，主张 D. neglect 忽略，忽视【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】denounce的意思为“谴责，指责”，指的是谴责财政赤字，condemn与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】他们谴责财政赤字，宣称增加债务并不能解决债务问题。4. 填空题In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that
5、 equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation more than by the “battle of the sexes”. A B C D【答案】D more than改为rather than【解析】【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】by cooperation和by the “battle of the sexes”相对应，形成对立的逻辑关系，rather than符合逻辑。【句意
6、】在这样的家庭中，成长中的男孩和女孩比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念，并为参与一个以合作为特征的世界做好充分准备，而不是“性别之战”。5. 单选题The North Vietnamese were tenacious, and in January 1968 they launched a massive attack known as the Tet Offensive, which severely damaged U.S. forces.问题1选项A.collectiveB.hostileC.aggressiveD.persistent【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. collecti
7、ve 集体的，共有的 B. hostile 敌意的，敌对的C. aggressive 好斗的，挑衅的 D. persistent 执著的，不屈不挠的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】tenacious的意思为“顽强的，坚忍不拔的”，用来形容the North Vietnamese，指的是他们非常英勇，persistent与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】北越人很顽强，1968年1月他们发动了大规模进攻，称为春节攻势，重创美军。6. 单选题Violence in teenage relationships is much more prev
8、alent than previously thought, with those from disadvantaged backgrounds twice as likely to be abused by violent partners.问题1选项A.criticalB.widespreadC.fierceD.brutal【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. critical 批评的，批判性的 B. widespread 普遍的，广泛的C. fierce 凶猛的，凶狠的 D. brutal 残暴的，兽性的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】prevalent的意思为“普遍存在的，盛
9、行的”，这里用来形容violence，指的是暴力行为比想象中普遍，widespread与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】青少年关系中的暴力比之前想象的要普遍得多，那些来自弱势背景的人被同伴暴力相对的可能性是其他人的两倍。7. 填空题Contraction of front and side parts of the brainas cells die offwas observed in some subjects in their thirty, but it was still not evident in some sixtyand seve
10、nty-year-olds. A B C D【答案】C thirty改为thirties【解析】【考查点】固定表达。【解题思路】in ones thirties意思为“在某人三十多岁时”，这里指的年龄是概数。【句意】有的人大脑前部和侧部的收缩随着细胞的死亡在三十多岁时就能被观察到了，但是也有些人直到六七十岁依然不明显。8. 填空题Persons in responsible positions may be abducted or assassinated on the grounds that they are “representatives” of some institution or
11、 system which their assailants are opposed. A B C D【答案】D which改为to which【解析】【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】D部分到句尾是修饰some institution or system的定语从句，be opposed to为固定搭配，意思为“反对”，介词to置于引导词which前。【句意】负责人可能被绑架或暗杀，其原因是他们是攻击者所反对的某些机构或制度的“代表”。9. 单选题There exist some proposals, like creating a series of lasers that would swe
12、ep the trash back into our atmosphere, where it would mostly bum up.问题1选项A.particlesB.garbageC.dustD.ashes【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. particles 颗粒，微粒 B. garbage 垃圾；废物C. dust 沙土，尘土；灰尘 D. ashes 灰烬【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】trash的意思为“废物，垃圾”，这里指把垃圾扫到大气层，garbage与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】有人提出了一些建议，比如制造一系列激光，把垃圾扫回来，扫到我们的大气层，大部分垃圾在大气层都会燃烧。10. 单选题The chief drawback of the adeno-associated virus is that it is small, carrying only two genes in its natural state.问题1选项A.featureB.concernC.defectD.barrier【答案】C
