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1、常见的语法术语摘要名词 noun 动词 verb 形容词 adjective 数词 numeral 代词 pronoun介词 preposition 副词 adverb 连词 conjunction 冠词 article 感叹词 interjection结构：structure 简单句 simple sentences 并列句 compound sentences复合句 complex sentences 倒装句 inverted sentences 省略句 elliptical sentences陈述句 statement sentences 疑问句 interrogative senten
2、ces 祈使句 imperative sentences 感叹句 exclamatory sentences 否定句 negative sentences 被动句 passive sentences 虚拟语气句 subjunctive sentences 同义句 synonymous sentences 歧义句 ambiguous sentences 委婉句 euphemisms 强调句 emphasis疑难句 difficult sentences 叙述句 narrative sentences 说明句 expository sentences议论句 argumentative senten
3、ces 人物描写句 descriptive sentences of people动作描写句：descriptive sentences of actions 环境描写句 descriptive sentences of environment日常口语句 sentences for everyday talk实用情景句 sentences of actual situations课堂教学句 sentences of classroom teaching名人语句 quotations 格言句 maxims 谚语句 proverbs状语 adverbial 补语 complement 宾语 obj
4、ect 宾语补助语 objective complement表语 predicative 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 谓语动词 finite verb 非谓语动词 non-finite verb 情态动词 modal verb并列 coordination 选择 alternative 转折 transition 对比 contrast 原因 cause 结果 effect 解释 explanation动词时态 verb tenses 一般现在时 simple present (tense)一般过去时 simple past (tense) 一般将来时 simple fut
5、ure (tense)过去将来时 future (tense) in the past 现在完成时 present perfect (tense)过去完成时 past perfect (tense) 将来完成时 future perfect (tense)现在进行时 present continuous (tense) 过去进行时 past continuous (tense)将来进行时 future continuous (tense) 现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous (tense)主句 main clause 从句 subordinate clause
6、限定性定语从句 restrictive attributive clause非限定性定语从句 non-restrictive attributive clause宾语从句 object clause 壮语从句 adverbial clause 主语从句 subject clause表语从句 predicative clause 同位语从句 appositive clause双重复合句 double complex sentences 多重复合句 multiple complex sentences插入语 parenthesis IT引导的句子 IT sentencesTHERE引导句 THER
7、E sentences省略名词 omission of noun判断句 statements 列举句 enumeration 比较句 comparison 让步句 concession一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question 反意疑问句 disjunctive question陈述式疑问句 declarative question 省略疑问句 elliptical question一般否定 general negation 全部否定 complete negation 部分否定 partial
8、 negation双重否定 double negation 否定句 negative sentences 肯定句 affirmative sentences主格 subjective case 宾格 objective case 所有格 possessive case单数与复数 singular and plural 语序 word order 不定式 infinitive 动名词 gerund 现在分词 present participle主动的 active 被动的 passive 语态 voice 标点符号 punctuation mark抽象的 abstract 具体的 concret
9、e 名言 saying 语气 mood典故 allusion 习语 idiom 俚语 slang 外来语 foreign word 行话 jargon直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech 命题 proposition课堂教学句 sentences of classroom teaching开始上课 beginning of the class我们开始吧 Lets start/ Lets begin now让我们开始上课 Lets begin our lesson.今天我们上新课，先学生词，然后读课文 We are going to have a new
10、 lesson today. Well learn the new words first. Then well read the text.我们先学课文，然后提问。如果还有时间，就进行听写 First well study the text, then Ill ask you some questions. If time permits, well have a short dictation.今天的课这样上：先讲课文，然后用替换词做句型练习二。最后做一些书面练习。Today, the class will be conducted in this way: First well go o
11、ver the text. Then well do pattern drill II with the substitutes. And finally well do some written exercises.我们今天要全面复习我们所学过的东西 Today well have a general review of what we have learned so far.我们把昨天学的内容温习一下 Well go over a little of what we did yesterday.教学用语 Teaching昨天我们讲到第45页的第三行，今天我们接着讲 Yesterday we
12、 went as far as the third line on page 45. Today well go on with the text.我们接着昨天的讲 Lets start from where we left off yesterday.我记得我们还有三段课文未讲，我希望今天能把这课讲完 I remember we have three paragraphs to do. I hope I can wind up the lesson today.今天我们上新课，请把书翻到第20页 Today we are taking up a new lesson. Please turn
13、 to page 20.我们先读词汇表。苏桌，请你读生词 We shall take the word list first. Su Zhuo, please read the new words.今天我们讲课文 Today well go over the text.这篇课文时由一个短篇小说改写的 This text is adapted from a short story.我给你们讲一下作者的生平 Ill tell you something about the authors life.现在我把第20页上的课文读一遍 Now Ill read the text on page 20.现
14、在我把课文给大家读一遍，你们听一下 Now I am going to read the text once for you to listen to.现在你们听的时候不要看书 Now listen without looking at your books.我把课文从头到文读一遍，你们仔细听 Ill read the text through once. Follow me carefully.我先读课文，请标上重音 Now Ill read the text first. Mark the stressed syllables.我想你们都预习了课文。谁来讲讲课文的大意？ I think y
15、ouve all previewed the text. Who would like to say something about the text?现在我给你们讲一讲课文大意 Now Ill give you the general idea of the text.我想将这一段读一遍，然后再解释难句 Ill read this paragraph first and then explain the difficult sentences.你们对于这一段有什么问题吗？Have you got any questions about this paragraph?还有问题吗？如果没有，我就讲下一段 Are there any questions? If not, Ill explain the next paragraph.现在我把课文译成中文 Now Ill put (translate/change) the text into Chinese.现有我一个
