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1、定语从句一、 概述在复合句(有主句有从句的句子)中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语 从句(attributive clause)。关系代词The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 先行词定语从句被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。关系代词和关系副词的作用：连接作用指代先行词在句子中充当一定成分引导定语从句的关联词有：关系代词 who、whom、whose、which、that、as关系副词 when、where、why关系代词作主语指人 who、that下 不可省指物 whichth
2、at-关系代词作宾语whom指人 that、who (口语)可省指物 whichthat关系代词作定语Whose r 指人- 指物A plane is a machine ( that、which ) can fly.飞机是会飞的机器。(引导词 that、 which 在句中作主语)The foreigner (who 、that) visited our class yesterday is from Canada.昨天至U我班来访的夕卜国 人来自加拿大。（引导词who、that在句中作主语）They planted the trees （which、that） didnt need muc
3、h water.他们种植了需水不多的树木。（引导词 which、that在句中作主语）The noodles （that、which、 ） I cooked were delicious.我煮的面条美味可口。（引导词 that、which可省略作宾语）The fish （which、that、 ） we bought were not fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。 （引导词作宾语）The girl （that、whom、 who 口语、一） we saw yesterday was Jims sister.我们昨天看到 的女孩是吉姆的姐姐。（引导词作宾语）特殊请况：人+介词+whom不可省，
4、不可用 that物+介词+which _卜The person to （whom） you just talked is Mr.Li.刚才你与其交谈的人是李先生。（引导词 whom ,不可省略）The person t （whom、that、who、 ） you just talked to is Mr.Li.The knife with which we cut the bread is sharp.我们用来切面包用的刀子很锋利。The knife （which、 that、 一） we cut the bread with is sharp.指人 Whom that who（ 口语）、A+
5、介词（可省）指物 which that题：She was educated at Beijing university,she went on to have her advanced study abroad.A.after whichB. from whichC.from thatD.after that做题技巧：把现行词带到定语从句中变成一完整合理的句子，答案就出来了。rWhose+n 物 = t he +n+of whichJ、Of which +the +n人=J the +n+of whom 、Of whom +the +nThe room whose windows face s
6、outh is mine. the windows of which face south is mine. of which the windows face south is mine.He is a teacherwhose name is Tom.the name of whom is Tomof whom the name is Tom.只用that,不用which的情况（先行词指物除 5、6条）当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little 等不定代词时（ something 之后也可用
7、which）。All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不光是金子。Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么要我做的事吗 ？He answered few questions that the teacher asked他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；或现行词本身就是形容词最高级或序数词时。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store. 这是这家书店售出 的 最有趣的书之一。Th
8、e first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。当先行词有the very, the only , the right等修饰时。That s the only thing that we can do now!前我们只能这样了。Those are the veryright words that he used.那就是他的原话。This is the best that I have.这是我所拥有的最好的。当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。They were talking about the pers
9、ons and things that they saw in the factory. 他们在谈论在工厂里 看到的人和事。They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他 们聊起他们所能记得起的学校里的人和事来，聊了约半个钟头。当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。He is not the boy that he used to be.他已经不再是以前的那个男
10、孩了。当要避免与疑问词which , who重复时。Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的 ？Who is the man that is standing by the door?站在门 口 的那个人是谁 ？在there be句型中，先行词为物时用thatThere is a book on the desk that I m very interested in.桌子上放着本我感兴趣的书。(若指人用 who eg. There is lived a king in the castle who was very wise.)
11、This is the first time that There be不定代词序数词,The very ,the only, the right;即有人又有物，作表语which who.（3）用which,不用that的情况（先行词指物）引导非限制性定语从句。（which 在限制性定语从句中可以指代一个或一些物，在非限制 性定语从句中即可指主句一部分也可指代整个主句。）Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world. 全世界者B踢足球， 它是一项有 趣的运动。Carol said the work wo
12、uld be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. 卡罗尔说这 项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy.桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。直接放在介词后作宾语时。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate
13、with each other. 语 言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。先行词本身是 that或those时。ThatThose which you told him about is are what I want to know.你告诉他的事情也是我想知 道的。（注意： 若 those 指人要用 who eg.Those who are for me, put up your hands. 同意我的人请举 手。）the same- -that同一物t as同类eg. This is the same bike that I lost yesterdayo .这是我昨天丢的那辆自行车
14、。- as I lost yesterday.这辆自行车和我昨天对的那辆一样。Way r 作状语 in which that_作主语、宾语 whichthat_I dont like the way (in which that_)he speaks to me.( 状语)This is the way(that which)really works.(主语)I did it in the way ( thatwhich_ ) he told me.(宾语)题:I,your friend,will try my best to help you.A. that is B.which am C.
15、who is D.who am注意：关系代词在从句中作主语是，从句中谓语的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。That is one of those books that are worth reading.That is the (only) one of those books that is worth reading.As :1）引导限制性定语从句：作关系代词可指人，物；可作主，宾，表语；常译成“正如”构成固定搭配：the same .as; such as; so as; as- - .as（as 不可省）I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。（作宾语）Don t read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand.不要读 那些不值得读的书，只去读那些你能读懂的书就可以了。Repeat this as oft
