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1、语法讲义名词性从句名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。分类词形词义提问从句中的成分主宾表定状连接词thatXwhether / if是否连接代词who(ever)（无论）谁（主格）VVwhom(ever)（无论）谁（宾格）Vwhose(ever)（无论）谁的（所有格）VVVVwhich(ever)（无论）哪一个（些）VVVVwhat(ever)（无论）什么，东西VVVV连接副词When(ever)（无论）什么时候VWhere(ever)（无论）什么地方VHow(ever)（无论）怎样，如何Vwhy为什么V(一) 宾语从句1、that 引导从句无意义，不充当任何成分，常省略。(
2、动词后有两个宾语从句第二个 that 不可省) e.g: I know (that) you have met him and that you have become good friends.经常在动词和宾语从句之间插一个间接宾语(人)He told me that he was wrong. 在动词think , believe, suppose, expect, guess等后面的宾语从句中的否定前移e.g: I dont think you are right.I dont believe he has finished his work. 某些表示“心理活动”的adj.如sure,
3、 happy, glad, certain, afraid等后可接宾语从句I am sure that our experiment will be successful.许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句后，而用it作形式宾语We think it wrong that he told a lie to all the people.We find it impossible that we finish the work ahead of time.We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be
4、punished.这类常见句型有：1) 6123 句型:thinkfindmake/consider/believe/feel +it +adj/n +that-从句2)insist on it that-从 句， depend on it that-从 句，see to it that -从句，appreciate it if -从句，like/hate/dislike/love/prefter/enjoy +it +when -从句 take it for granted that-从句2、whether, if引导宾语从句，表“是否”可互换，但也有区别 见下面I dont know if
5、 /whether it is interesting.3、wh-(ever)引导的宾语从句Please tell me what you want.She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.注意：“一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求”（ insist, order, command, suggest, advise,propose, require, demand, request, ask）后的宾从要用虚拟语气，结构为“should +动词原形”其
6、中should可 以省略.（二）主语从句1、that引导的主语从句（that在主语从句中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，通常不能省略） 在正式文中，为了强调that引导的主语从句，that可以置于句首，在这种情况下，that不可省e.g: That the driver couldnt control his car was obvious.在通常情况下，用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾。此时that有时可省，常用结构: It + be + adj. + that 从句It was obvious that the driver couldnt control his car （改写上
7、文例句） It + be + n. 词组 + that 从句It is no wonder that he looks so puzzled.（注意: 在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时， that 分句中的谓语动词常用 should）It is strange that he should be late again. It + be + p.p.（said, reported, hoped, known, believed, thought, expected etc.）+ that-从句 It is reported that there is a storm this afternoo
8、n. It +seem/ happen/ appear 等不及物动词 + that 从句It seems that he is unhappy.2、whether 引导的主语从句，意为“是否” , 不能用 if 代替Whether she will come or not doesnt matter much.3、wh-疑问词引导主语从句Why he did it is not clear.Whose the book is is not important.When he will come is not known.（wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语的句式中）e.g: It is
9、not known why he did this.4、也可以用 whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等词引导主语从句 Whoever told you that was lying.看 2001 年的一道高考题： is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What分析：此题很多考生误选了 A或C，其原因是没有注意到逗号的作用。句中逗号已表明该句不是 主语从句，而是as引导的非限制性定语从
10、句。故答案为B.上海99年的一道高考题：has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever分析：此题答案为D。“疑问词+ever”构成的复合连接词（however除外）既可以引导名词性从 句（主从、表从、宾从、同位语从句），也可以引导让步状语从句。而“no matter +疑问词”只 能引导让步状语从句。二者引导让步状语从句时可以互换，引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词 +ever ” 形式。(三) 表语从句1、 that 引导的表语从句无任何意义，不充当任何句子
11、成分，通常不省略 , 表示事实、真理、意 见、信念、问题等等的实际内容The fact is that he is lying.The problem is that we are lack of money.2、 whether 引导(此时通常不可用 if 代替 whether.)The problem is whether people will buy it.3、wh-引导This is where our problem lies.The question is who (which of you) will be the next speaker.Thats just what I
12、want.That is why he didnt come to the meeting.( 注意与 because 引导的区另止 That is because he was ill)4、as if, as though 引导，可用真实语气也可用虚拟语气It seems as if he were drunk.( 虚拟语气)He looks as if he is going to cry.(四) 同位语从句1. 在名词 answer, belief, no doubt, fact, hope, information, idea, knowledge, law, news, opinio
13、n, plan, truth, suggestion, thought等后，用that引导,that不能省略，表示这些名词的内容Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.有时同位语从句不是紧跟在先行词后面，而是被其他词隔开eg: The story goes that William killed his wife.名词 demand, suggestion, proposal 等的同位语从句的谓
14、语动词要用虚拟语气，为 should + 动词 原形，should可以省略。The suggestion that the plan should be delayed will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：1) 前者对名词加以补充说明其内容, 后者对名词加以限制。2) 引导同位语从句的that在句中无任何语法作用，即不充当任何句子成分，仅仅起引导作用， 无任何具体意思，不可省略。引导定语从句的that是一个代词，代替前面的先行词，所以有 具体意思。在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。e.g: The
15、news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole world.()The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.()The suggestion that he (should) not go there is of great value.()The suggestion (that) he made is of great value.()2. 在名词 doubt, problem, question 等后，用 whether 弓导，不用 ifThere is doubt whether he will succeed in the experiment.He asked me a question whether I had seen the film.
