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1、语法复习(八)-动词一、连系动词类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：1变化类 表事物发展变化的过程，如:become, get, turn, grow, make, go, fall go bad / hungry / mad / wrong，fall (fell-fallen) ill / asleepfeel (felt-felt) sick / sleepy2感觉类 表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 His voice sounds nice. The dish tastes delicious.3状态类 表事物所处的状态，如k
2、eep, stay, remain, lie, sit, stand prove, turn outThe weather turned out (to be)fine. He proved (to be) honest / an honest person. 注：be, become, turn, remain 可带名词He remains a teacher.=He is still a teacher.He became a teacher. He turned teacher.4外表特征类 表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形
3、容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel, get, become, grow等）外，一般不用于进行时态和被动结构。另外还有:It looks as if It seems as if / that It appears thatIt looks as if it is going to rain.It appears as if she has lost internet in her job.It seems that he cant stop coughing.二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, c
4、atch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。1后接不带to的不定式表示动作的整个过程或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the se
5、a, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接V-ed形式表被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his hometown greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.三、使役动词类表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, sen
6、d等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种：1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”,但get 后接 to不定式作宾补。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to.If you have any problems, just let me know.在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have,get不用于被动结构中.He was made to apologize to the guest.2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-i
7、ng形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired. / Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the news.四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite, inspire, encourag
8、e, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，其中V-ing表示令人-的, 而V-ed则表示 感到.的The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.What disapp
9、ointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.五、后接不定式动词（不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词afford, agree, arrange, ask, beg, fail, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, fear, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise,
10、 refuse, want, wish等等。Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.He cant afford to buy a new computer. They managed to avoid an accident.六、后接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, forbid, stand，bear（忍受）, i
11、magine, keep, mention, mind, miss, permit, practice（practise），report, risk, stop, suggest, understand, , miss(错过)，postpone（推迟）, resist(抵制),put off, give up, be worth, be busy (in)，get down to, devoteto, look forward to, be used to(习惯于), lead to, succeed in, spend/waste time (in)，have a good/hard tim
12、e (in) , have difficulty /trouble (in)等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.七、接不定式作宾补的常用动词advise, allo
13、w, ask, beg, cause, command(命令), drive(驱使), elect, encourage, expect, forbid, force(强迫), get, help, intend（打算）, invite, leave（委托）, would like, mean, need, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind(提醒), tell, train, want, warn, wish八、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类remember, try, regret, mean, forget, sto
14、p, go on, cant help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：动词接动名词作宾语接 不定式作宾语remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作try 尝试做某事 努力做某事regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾mean 意味着做某事 企图（打算）做某事cant help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事go on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事去做别的事I dont really mean to work there, which means lea
15、ving the job here soon afterwards.九、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go, come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.十、主动表被动动词类英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。
