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1、2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题In practice the theory often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.问题1选项A.declineB.fluctuateC.frustrateD.prosper【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 decline “下降；衰落；谢绝”；B选项 fluctuate “波动；涨落；动摇”；C选项 frustrate“失败；受挫”
2、；D选项prosper“繁荣，昌盛；成功”。句意：在实践中，这一理论往往使铁路公司处于决定哪些公司会兴旺发达、哪些会倒闭的位置。结合此处关键词fail“衰败；倒闭”，可推测前文的单词应是与之相反的词，得知D选项正确。2. 单选题The shell-covered animals without backbones have a nasty tendency to devour their neighbors.问题1选项A.developB.endeavorC.deludeD.consume【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 develop“开发；进步；使成长”；B选项 endeavor
3、 “努力；尽力”；C选项 delude“欺骗；哄骗；诱惑”；D选项consume“消耗，消费；着迷”。句意：这些没有脊骨、壳覆盖的动物有一种令人讨厌的倾向，它们会吃掉它们的邻居。根据此处关键词their neighbors（他们的邻居）可排除A选项及B选项，C选项delude（欺骗）主要侧重于虚伪的意见或信念欺骗，因此也可排除。结合语境，得知D选项正确。3. 单选题The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to revenge themselves on the German
4、 team for last years defeat.问题1选项A.retaliateB.recoverC.repelD.defend【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 retaliate “报复”；B选项 recover “恢复；弥补；重新获得”；C选项 repel “击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快”；D选项 defend“辩护；防护”。句意：目前状态不佳的西班牙队将在下周全力以赴，为去年的失利向德国队报仇。结合此处关键词 revenge “报复；替报仇；洗雪”，得知A选项正确。4. 单选题He made a _ speech that caused a great deal of
5、argument.问题1选项A.successfulB.provocativeC.touchingD.hostile【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 successful“成功的；一帆风顺的”；B选项 provocative“刺激的；挑拨的；煽动的”；C选项 touching“动人的，令人同情的”；D选项 hostile“敌对的；敌方的；怀敌意的”。句意：他做了一个演讲引起了一番争论。根caused a great deal of argument（引起大量的争论）可推测B选项与其意思对应正确，因此选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Scientific and technological
6、 advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic _ of matter, and the miracles of life.问题1选项A.bacteriaB.constituentsC.erosionD.contexts【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 bacteria “细菌”；B选项constituents “成分”；C选项erosion “侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项 contexts “环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物
7、质最基本的和生命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。6. 翻译题A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best bo
8、oks are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angle of mercy
9、 purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works.【答案】好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生的思想的精华；因为人的生活世界主要是他的思想世界。因此，最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。菲利普西德尼爵士说过：“有高尚思想做伴的人永不孤独。”在我们受到诱惑的时候，美好真实的思想可以作为一种仁慈的视角，净化和保护我们的灵魂。这同样孕育着
10、行为的萌芽，因为金玉良言总能激励善行。7. 翻译题中国园林是经过三千多年演化而形成的独具一格的园林景观，是中国建筑不可分割的一部分。从建园者身份来看，中国园林主要分为两类：皇家园林和私家园林。皇家园林是为皇 室成员享乐而建造，大多数皇家园林在北方。私家园林主要由学者、商人和政府官员为摆脱 嘈杂的外部世界而建造，南方比较多见。典型的中国园林周围有围墙，院内有池塘、假山、 树木、花草以及各种各样由弯曲的小路和走廊衔接的建筑，构成了一种人与自然和谐相处的 微缩景观。【答案】Chinese garden is a unique landscape formed after more than thre
11、e thousand years of evolution. It is an inseparable part of Chinese architecture. From the identity of the gardeners, Chinese gardens are mainly divided into two categories: imperial gardens and private gardens. The imperial gardens were built for the pleasure of the members of the royal family, mos
12、t of them in the north. Private gardens were built mainly by scholars, merchants and government officials to escape from the noisy outside world, especially in the South. Typical Chinese gardens are surrounded by walls, surrounded by ponds, rockery, trees, flowers and plants, as well as various buil
13、dings connected by winding paths and corridors, which constitute a miniature landscape of harmony between man and nature.8. 单选题Already in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there had been a powerful alignment between rural cultural ethics and church teaching.问题1选项A.allianceB.agreementC.conflic
14、tD.contradiction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 alliance “联盟，联合；联姻”；B选项 agreement “协议；同意，一致”；C选项 conflict “冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；D选项 contradiction “矛盾；否认；反驳”。句意：早在18和19世纪，乡村文化伦理和教会教义之间就已经有了强有力的结合。结合此处关键词 alignment “结盟”，得知A为正确答案。9. 单选题We know that chronic pain can disrupt a persons life, causing problems that range fro
15、m missed work to depression.问题1选项A.short-termB.acuteC.bitterD.long-lasting【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 short-term “短期的”；B选项 acute “严重的，医急性的；敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；C选项bitter “苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充满仇恨的”；D选项 long-lasting “持久的；长期的，持续时间长的”。句意：我们知道，慢性疼痛会扰乱一个人的生活，导致从旷工到抑郁等一系列问题。结合此处关键词 chronic “慢性的；长期的；习惯性的”，得知D选项正确。10. 单选题By being over-zealous with food restriction, the dieter inadvertently makes a binge on forbidden foods far more likely and you may as well forget the idea
