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1、简述各种从句中的引导词一名词性从句是指在句中充当名词能充当的成分（如主语，宾语，表语，同 位语）的从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）whe ther, if （均表示“是否表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （均表示“好像，“似乎）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词（9 个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever连接畐【J词（7 个）：when, wh
2、ere, how, why, whenever, wherever, howeverA. 宾语从句中的引导词1. 从属连词，包括that、if、whether、as if和as though,都不在从句中从当任何成分。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，通常可省略if和 whet her, whet her.or not引导表示“是否的一般疑问句的宾语从句。女口： He told me （that ） he would go to college the next year.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.2. 关联代词who,whom,wh
3、ose,wha t,whoever,whomever,whosever,wha tever,whichever 等。女口： Do you know who has won Red Alert game?The book will show you what the best CEO should know.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia call phone?3. 连接畐词主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等.如:He didn t
4、tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panelNone of us knows where these new parts can be bought.B. 主语从句中的引导词1）从属连词 that, whether,if 等；其中that 一般见于形式主语后面的从句中，通常可省略。女口： Its a great pity (that) they didnt get married.2) 连接代词 what, who, which, whatever, whoever, w
5、hom 等；其中which需要特别注意，所有的名词性从句中，只有主语从句在表示选择 的时候，用到它。女口： which he will choose remains unknown.3) 连接畐lj词 how, when, where, why 等。C. 表语从句的引导词大致和主语从句一样D. 同位语从句通常由that引导。如：The news that our team won the match is exciting.二. 定语从句是在句中充当定语的从句，其引导词包括两类：关系代词和关 系畐词。关系代词：that which who whom whose 以及 as.其中 that wh
6、ich who 在 从句中充当主语或者宾语，whom只能充当宾语，whose只能充当定语,as仅用 于非限定性定语从句中。女口： A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan关系副词：在句中作状语。关系副词二介词+关系代词Why =for whichWhere二in/ at/ on which (介词同先行词搭配)When 二during/ on/ in/三. 状语从句是在句中充当状语的从句。1时间状语从句：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until2.
7、地点状语从句：常用引导词：where, 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere如：Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible。3. 原因状语从句 常用弓丨导词：because, since, as, for 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given tha t.女口： Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.4. 目的状语从句常用引导词：
8、 so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that女口： The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.5. 结果状语从句常用引导词： so that, such that,特殊弓丨导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to s
9、uch a degree that,女口： He got up so early that he caught the first bus.6. 条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless,特殊弓丨导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that女口： You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, w
10、e shall hold the meeting here.7. 让步状语从句常用引导词：though, al though, even if, even though特殊引导词：as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装），while （ 一般用在句 首）,no matter ， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever女口：Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.8. 比较状语从句 常用引导词：as（同级比较
11、），than（不同程度的比较） 特殊引导词：the more the more ;jus t as ， so；A to B is what/as X is to Y; no more than; not so much A as BThe house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food to men is what oil is to machine.9. 方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
