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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A U.S executive tells his stall hes going to treat them fairly-and creates dissension. A Japanese manage is promote by his British President, but within six months asks fo
2、r a transfer.Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management.“Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they are finally looking at culture,” says Cliffo
3、rd Clarke, founder and president of the California based IRI International inc, one of a small but growing number of consulting firms that specialize in teaching business people from different cultures how to communicate and work with each other.“Never show the shoe to an Arad, never arrive on time
4、for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, dont think yes means yes, advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social “dos” and “donts is not the answer
5、, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.For example, the American manager who promised to be fair thought he was telling his Japanese staff that their hard work would be rewarded, but when some workers rece
6、ived higher salary increases than others, there were complaints. “You told us youd be fair, and you lied to us,” accused one salesman. “It took me a year and a half,” sighed the American, “to realize that fair，to my staff, meant being treated equally.”The Asian engineer who suffered in America was t
7、he victim of another mistaken expectation, “he was accustomed to the warm group environment so typical in Japan,” said his U.S. Manager, “but in our company, were all expected to be self-starters, who thrive on working alone. For him, it was emotional starvation. Hes made the adjustment now, but hed
8、 be humiliated if 1 told you his name, thats another culture difference.”The Japanese manager who failed to respond to his promotion could not bring himself to use the more direct language needed to communicate with his London-based superiors. “I used to think all this talk about culture communicati
9、on was a lot of baloney,” says Eugene J. Flath, president of Intel Japan Ltd, a subsidiary of the American semiconductor maker. “Now, I can see it is a real problem. Miscommunication has slowed our ability to coordinate action with our home office.”“Thats why Intel, with the help of consultant Clark
10、e, began an intercultural training program this spring which Flath expects will dramatically reduce decision-making time now lost in making sure the American and the Japanese understand each other.1.The best title for the passage would be（ ）.2.From the context, the word “baloney” is close in meaning
11、 to（ ）.3.Why did the Japanese staff complain to the American manager?4.The cultural communication problems are becoming especially urgent for（ ）.5.Why did the promoted Japanese manager ask for transfer?问题1选项A.Building Bridges Over the Cultural RivetsB.Multinational Training for BusinessmanC.Learning
12、 Different Thinking PatternsD.Communication Problems and Complaints问题2选项A.balconyB.featC.nonsenseD.simplicity问题3选项A.The American manager had lied to them.B.The salary increases were insufficient.C.Most staff had not received salary increased.D.There was a misunderstanding of the word “fair”.问题4选项A.A
13、merican managersB.multinational companiesC.Japanese employeesD.consulting firms问题5选项A.He was not competent for the higher position.B.He was not accustomed to working by himself.C.He could not make the adjustment to his new job.D.He lacked adequate communication with his superiors.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D
14、第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“本文最佳标题是”。文章首先是通过一些实例来引出不同文化间的交流障碍这个话题，比如一位亚洲工程师被派到美国实验室后几乎精神奔溃；随后提到跨国公司开始重视这个问题并且采取了一些措施来解决这些问题，四个选项中选项A包含了其他三个选项的内容，最适合做文章标题。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，baloney与哪个单词意思最接近”。文章倒数第二段提到（I used to think all this talk about culture communication was a lot of baloney）与 （I can see it i
15、s a real problem），把之前的观点与现在的观点进行对比，前后发生了变化，由此可知baloney的意思与“a real problem”是相反的，即“胡说八道”的意思。选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么日本员工向他们美国经理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“这位美国经理说他花费了一年半的时间来明白日本员工认为的公平是被平等对待”（“It took me a year and a half,” sighed the American, “to realize that fair，to my staff, meant being treated equally.”），由此可以看出是因为对fair这个单词的误解，使得日本员工对此抱怨。选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“对于来说，文化交流问题正变得特别重要”。文章第三段提到跨国公司开始重视文化（Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they are finally looking at culture），因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“被提升的日本籍经理为什么要求换工作”。文章倒数第二段提到“不能适应职位提升的日本经理不能用更直接的语言与自己在英国的上司进行沟通从而提出了调换工作的要求”（The
