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1、2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题After newspaper reports claimed the company was dumping toxic waste illegally. It came under（ ）from the authorities.问题1选项A.insultB.solitudeC.nuisanceD.scrutiny【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项insult“侮辱”；B选项solitude“孤独”；C选项nuisance“损害”；D选项scrutiny“详细审查”。句意：在报纸报道这家公司非法倾倒有毒废料之
2、后，它受到了当局的审查。本句表示公司受到审查。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题According to the new school of scientists technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improve
3、d techniques and tools. In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement an invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as
4、 a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from,
5、craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The core of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileos role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an as
6、tronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system often sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around t
7、he earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs genius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure s
8、cience at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.1. What leads to the expansion of science in terms of the new school of scientists?2.What is the nature of scientific revolution according to a leader of the new school?3.Why does moder
9、n school of scientists pay attention to the invention and improvement of tools and technology?4.What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.The creative ideas of the great minds.B.The scientific knowledge of the geniuses.C.The improvement of ordinary tools and techniques.D.The neglec
10、ted force in scientific innovations.问题2选项A.It helps to invent a series of new instruments.B.It is actually the result of the development of a series of instruments.C.It pushes the science toward a particular direction.D.It has improved the techniques in innumerable directions.问题3选项A.Because they can
11、 be applied in scientific experiments.B.Because they are greatly admired by scientists and inventors.C.Because they are overlooked by historians and philosophers.D.Because they can be served as a source of basic innovations.问题4选项A.The governments decision on its finance allocation is determined by i
12、ts opinion on thepriority between science and technology.B.The government has developed pure science at the expense of technology.C.The government has attached more importance to technology than pure science.D.The government will no longer increase the financial support to pure science.【答案】第1题:C第2题:
13、B第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的第一段，“Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.”他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。A选项“伟大思想的创造性思想”，B选项“天才的科学知识”，C选项“普通工具和技术的改进”，D选项“科学创新中被
14、忽视的力量”。因此，C选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第一段的最后一句，“ In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement an invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”简而言之，新学派的一位领袖认为，我们所谓的科学革命主要是指
15、一系列仪器的改进、发明和使用，这些发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。A选项“它有助于发明一系列新仪器”，B选项“它实际上是一系列仪器发展的结果”，C选项“它把科学推向一个特定的方向”，D选项“它在无数方面改进了技术”。因此，B选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的第二段，“Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.”多
16、年来，工具和技术本身作为基础性创新的源泉在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学哲学家们所忽视。A选项“因为他们可以应用于科学实验”， B选项“因为他们深受科学家和发明家的尊敬”， C选项“因为他们被历史学家和哲学家所忽视”, D选项“因为它们可以作为基本创新的源泉”。因此，D选项符合题意。4.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章的最后一段，“Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as
