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1、考研考博-考博英语-广东工业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas pub
2、lic sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in
3、the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britains Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associate
4、d with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the states budget is patrolled by unions. Th
5、e teachers unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” pu
6、blic-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is
7、 plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousan
8、ds of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvards Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high a
9、chievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger probl
10、em for America.1. Paragraph 1 suggests that（ ）.2. According to Paragraph 2,（ ）.3. Paragraph 4 points out that the income in the state sector is（ ）.4. It can be learned from the example of the unions in Wisconsin that unions（ ）5. What is John Donahues attitude towards the public-sector system?问题1选项A.
11、Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servantB.Teamsters has kept growing in its body of membersC.the number of unionists in public-sector has increasedD.the government has improved its relationship with unionists问题2选项A.a university degree is required for public-sector union membershipB.Labor Party ha
12、s long been fighting against public-sector unionsC.public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actionsD.public-sector unions are hesitant in taking actions问题3选项A.fairly adjustedB.illegally securedC.indirectly increasedD.excessively increased问题4选项A.often run against the current political sys
13、temB.may be a barrier to public-sector reformsC.can change peoples political attitudesD.are dominant in the government问题5选项A.Tolerance.B.Disapproval.C.Indifference.D.Appreciation.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段第二句“When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten Ame
14、rican government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美国政府工作人员属于工会而现在是36%。而由最后两句“In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-
15、sector ones are unionized. ”可知，2009年，美国公共部门工会成员的数量超过了私营部门工会成员的数量。在英国，超过一半的公共部门员工加入了工会，但只有15%的私营部门员工加入了工会。由此可以判断，这么多年来，公共部门的工会成员人数有所增加，所以C选项表述正确。原文只是说明Jimmy Hoffa如果活着可能会代表公务员，并不是说他真的是公务员，因此A选项与原文内容不符。B选项“卡车司机成员不断增加”与原文内容不符，原文只是说1960年卡车司机处于巅峰时期，故表述错误。D选项“政府改善了它与工会的关系”，在原文中并未提到，属于无中生有。故本题正确答案为C选项。2.推理判
16、断题。题干询问：根据第二段可以得出。原文第二段主要介绍了工会兴盛的三个原因，原因一：他们可以在不承担后果的情况下解决事情；原因二：他们大多聪明且受过良好的教育；原因三：他们现在主导着中间偏左的政治。由此可知，C选项表述正确，without suffering much说明他们很少惹上麻烦，即seldom get in trouble。原文第二段第四句指出“A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree”，所以并不是所有的公共部门工会成员都被要求拥有大学学位。可判断A选项表述错误。由原因三可知，工党一直和工会联系在一起，工党领袖的当选部分原
