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1、-练习参考答案Chapter 1流动性过剩e*cess liquidity自给自足self-sufficient经济资源economic resources直接投资direct investment国际收支balance of payments易货交易barter出口退税e*port ta* rebate倾销dumping出口型经济增长e*port-driven economic growth东道国host country贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差贸易逆差favorable unfavorable balance of trade欧盟European Union国际收支顺
2、差国际收支逆差favorable unfavorable balance of payments有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade货物贸易trade in goods效劳贸易trade in servicesThe chart above shows the U.S.imports from China,U.S.e*ports to China and thetrade balance.The U.S.has a negative trade balance with China,and it has been growing.During the per
3、iod from 1997 to 2003,imports from China have grown 244 while e*ports toChina have grown 221，indicating that the trade deficit is increasing.There had alreadybeen a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996,totalling 39.5 billion at the end of theyear.1.E*port goods are tangible goods sent o
4、ut of countries.2.Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the e*porting andimporting of tangible goods3.Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4.International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5.FDI is one that gives the inve
5、stor a controlling interest in a foreign pany.6.Investment is used primarily as financial means for a pany to earn more money on itsmoney with relative safety.1.International trade,is the fair and deliberate e*change of goods and or services acrossnational boundaries.It concerns trade operations of
6、both import and e*port and includesthe purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2.In todays ple* economic world,neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons.As to the economicreasons,no nation has all of the economic
7、 resouces land,labor and capital that it needsto develop its economy and culture,and no country enjoys a particular item sufficientenough to meet its needs.As for the preference reasons,international trade takes placebecause of innovation of style.Besides,every nation can specialize in a certain fie
8、ld andenjoy a parative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they needto do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.3.In measuring the effectiveness of global trade,nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely,balance of trade an
9、d balance of payments.4.FDI,the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment,means buying of permanentproperty and business in foreign nations.It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in aforeign pany is made.The great significance of FDI for China might be that： FDIsolve the problem of capital
10、shortage for China so that China may spend the money onimporting advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure,national supportingindustry,key projects,etc.Chapter 2关税壁垒tariff barriers非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers从量税specific duties配额quota保护性关税protective tariff市场失灵market failure幼稚产业infant ind
11、ustry许可证制度licensing system财政关税revenue tariff政府采购government procurement贸易保护主义trade protectionism从价税Ad valorem Duties最低限价floor price本地采购规则buy local rules增加需raise domestic demandDomestic content 国含量Red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒E*port susidies 出口补贴Binding quota 绑定配额Absolute quotas 绝对配额VER 自愿出口限制Tariff-rate q
12、uotas 关税配额Zero quota 零配额Buy local rules 本地采购原则1.Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports toenable relatively inefficient domestic producers to pete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。2.If the Russians release their
13、 stocks of tin into the world market,the price of the metal willsink through the floor.一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，则该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。3.Protective tariff means a duty or ta* imposed on imported products for the purpose ofmaking them more e*pensive in parison to domestic producers,thereby giving thedomes
14、tic products a price advantage.保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从而使得本国商品具有价格优势。4.Types of tariffs include ad valorem,specific,variable,or pound.In the UnitedStates,the imposition of tariffs is made on imported goods only.Tariffs raise the prices ofimported goods,thus making them less petitive within
15、 the market of the importingcountry.After seven Rounds of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade tradenegotiations that focused heavily on tariff reductions,tariffs are less important measures ofprotection than they used to be.关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。在美国，只对进口商品征税。关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。继关税
16、及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。1.Tariff is a duty collected by customs of a government on imports and or e*ports.2.A revenue tariff can be some of the ines of a government,but it must be taken undercontrol.3.To e*port goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping which might be foughtagainst by gover
