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1、Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyComprehending 阅读理解AAustralian English began separating from British English shortly after the foundation of the Australian penal colony (罪犯流放地) of New South Wales in 1788. British convicts sent there, including cockneys (伦敦东区的人) from London, came mostly f
2、rom large English cities. They were joined by free settlers, military personnel and officials, often with their families. However, many of the convicts were Irish, with at least 25% directly from Ireland, and others indirectly via Britain. There were other populations of convicts from nonEnglish spe
3、aking areas of Britain, such as the Welsh and Scots. The transportation of convicts to Australia ended in 1868, but immigration of free settlers from Britain, Ireland and elsewhere continued.The earliest form of Australian English was first spoken by the children of the colonists born into the colon
4、y of New South Wales. This very first generation of children created a new dialect that was to become the language of the nation. The Australianborn children in the new colony were exposed to a wide range of different dialects from all over the British Isles, in particular from Ireland and the south
5、eastern part of England.The nativeborn children of the colony created the new dialect from factors present in the speech they heard around them, and provided a way for the expression of peer solidarity (一致). Even when new settlers arrived, this new dialect was strong enough to turn away from the inf
6、luence of other patterns of speech.Records from the early 19th century indicated the distinctive dialect had appeared in the colony since the first settlement. In 1827 Peter Cunningham, in his book Two Years in New South Wales, described that the nativeborn colonists spoke with a distinctive accent
7、and vocabulary, with a strong London influence.Anthony Burgess wrote that “Australian English may be thought of as a kind of fossilised (僵化的) cockney (伦敦腔) of the Dickensian era”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍澳大利亚英语的形成过程。1Who didnt go to Australia with the convicts?AMiners. BSoldiers.COfficials. DFree settlers.A解
8、析：细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，随着囚犯到澳大利亚去的人中没有矿工。2Who created the earliest form of Australian English?AConvicts sent to Australia.BFree settlers into Australia.CThe nativeborn children of the colony.DPeople from Ireland and the southeastern part of England.C解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚出生的孩子说话不同于自己的父母，是他们创造了最初的澳大利亚英语。3
9、We can learn from the last paragraph that Australian English_Ahad no identity of its ownBwas formed before the Dickensian eraCwas quite different from British EnglishDwas greatly influenced by London accentD解析：推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知，两位作者认为澳大利亚英语具有明显的伦敦口音特征。4What does the text mainly tell us?AWho came to A
10、ustralia first.BHow Australia was colonized.CHow Australian English was formed.DWhat the earliest language in Australia was.C解析：主旨大意题。综合全文可知，文章主要说明澳大利亚英语的形成。BExperts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Most time the task is easily accomplished with paren
11、ts reading or talking to their babies. However, in some cases that is not possible due to busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf. Now, an adorable blueeyed robot, a human avatar, and some hightech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.The Robot AVa
12、tar thermalEnhanced system, or RAVE, is the brainchild of a team of researchers led by LauraAnn Petitto, an educational neuroscientist, at Washington,DC.s Gallaudet University. The learning process begins when the robots camera, which is focused on the babys face, detects tiny changes in his/her bod
13、y temperature. This, combined with the babys facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the babys attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar
14、might respond，“Are you pointing to me？” and follow that up with a nursery rhyme, fairy tale, or some essential social communication, all in American Sign Language (ASL). The“conversation”continues until the kid loses interest.The researchers, who have been testing the system for three years, found t
15、hat babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their hands in a rhythm similar to ASL after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, activates the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motions prove
16、the babies are learning the essential elements of communication.What sets this technique apart from other methods, such as showing educational videos or television shows, is its interactive nature and realtime response to the babys actions. The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the systems longterm influence on baby communication, the initial r
